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中国腐蚀与防护学报    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2026.243
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化学镀Ni-P及其复合镀层的研究进展
王树森, 杨硕, 郑子奇, 董凯辉, 王政彬, 宋影伟, 郑玉贵
海装沈阳局,
中国科学院金属研究所材料腐蚀与防护研究部, 110016
Research Progress on Electroless Ni-P and Its Composite Coatings
Wang Shusen, Yang Shuo, Zheng Ziqi, Dong Kaihui, Wang Zhengbin, Song Yingwei, Zheng Yugui

1. Haizhuang Shenyang Bureau Military Representative Room, Shenyang 110031, China;

2. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

王树森, 杨硕, 郑子奇, 董凯辉, 王政彬, 宋影伟, 郑玉贵. 化学镀Ni-P及其复合镀层的研究进展[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 10.11902/1005.4537.2026.243.
Shusen Wang, Shuo Yang, Ziqi Zheng, Kaihui Dong, Zhengbin Wang, Yingwei Song, Yugui Zheng. Research Progress on Electroless Ni-P and Its Composite Coatings[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 0, (): 0-.

全文: PDF(1347 KB)  
摘要: 化学镀Ni-P及其复合镀层因具有沉积均匀、结合强度高、耐蚀耐磨性能优良等特点,在石油化工、海洋工程、电子器件、航空航天及金属防护等领域具有广泛应用。本文首先概述了化学镀Ni-P的自催化沉积机理、热力学基础及主要动力学模型,并总结了化学镀Ni-P及其复合镀层的工艺优势和应用特点。在此基础上,围绕“参数—组织—性能”主线,系统分析了磷含量、热处理制度、复合颗粒种类与含量、孔隙率、润湿性、镀液pH值、沉积温度和沉积时间等因素对镀层组织结构及性能的影响规律。结果表明,磷含量调控镀层晶态/非晶态结构并显著影响耐蚀性与硬度之间的平衡;热处理可通过Ni和Ni₃P相析出提高硬度和耐磨性,但过度晶化可能削弱耐蚀性能;适量引入SiC、Al2O3、TiO2等颗粒可通过弥散强化、降低摩擦、填充缺陷和延长腐蚀介质扩散路径等机制改善综合性能。综合来看,Ni-P及其复合镀层的性能优化依赖于成分设计、组织调控和工艺参数的协同匹配。未来应进一步发展多功能复合、梯度结构、多层防护及耐蚀—耐磨耦合设计,以满足复杂服役环境下高性能表面防护的应用需求。
关键词 : 化学镀,  Ni-P镀层,  Ni-P复合镀层,  耐蚀性能,  组织结构    
Abstract:Electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-based composite coatings have been widely used in petrochemical engineering, marine equipment, electronic devices, aerospace components and metallic protection because of their uniform deposition, strong interfacial bonding, and excellent corrosion and wear resistance. This paper first reviews the autocatalytic deposition mechanism, thermodynamic basis and main kinetic models of electroless Ni-P plating, and then summarizes the technological advantages and application characteristics of Ni-P and its composite coatings. On this basis, following the logic of “processing–microstructure–properties”, the effects of phosphorus content, heat treatment, type and content of incorporated particles, porosity, wettability, bath pH, deposition temperature and deposition time on the microstructure and performance of the coatings are systematically discussed. The results show that phosphorus content controls the crystalline/amorphous structure of Ni-P coatings and strongly affects the balance between corrosion resistance and hardness. Heat treatment can improve hardness and wear resistance through the precipitation of Ni and Ni₃P phases, whereas excessive crystallization may deteriorate corrosion resistance. The appropriate incorporation of SiC, Al2O3, TiO2 and other particles can enhance the overall performance by dispersion strengthening, friction reduction, defect filling and extension of corrosion-medium diffusion paths. Overall, the performance optimization of Ni-P and its composite coatings depends on the synergistic matching of composition design, microstructural regulation and process parameters. Future research should further focus on multifunctional composites, gradient structures, multilayer protection and coupled corrosion–wear design to meet the requirements of high-performance surface protection under complex service conditions.
Key words: Electroless plating    Ni-P coating    Ni-P based composite coating    Corrosion resistance    microstructure.
收稿日期: 2026-07-28     
基金资助:中国科学院青年创新促进会会员项目(2023200)
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