酸洗致基板表面状态变化对镀锡板耐蚀性的影响

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.128

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (2): 393-404 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.128 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.128

研究报告

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酸洗致基板表面状态变化对镀锡板耐蚀性的影响

赖漾¹, 徐清亮², 罗群¹, 李谦¹^,³(

)

^1.上海大学材料科学与工程学院上海 200444
^2.宝山钢铁股份有限公司冷轧厂上海 200941
^3.重庆大学材料科学与工程学院重庆 400044

Effect of Pickling-induced Surface Changes of Steel Substrate on Corrosion Resistance of Tinplate

LAI Yang¹, XU Qingliang², LUO Qun¹, LI Qian¹^,³(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
^2.Cold Rolling Mill, Baoshan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. , Shanghai 200941, China
^3.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

引用本文:

赖漾, 徐清亮, 罗群, 李谦. 酸洗致基板表面状态变化对镀锡板耐蚀性的影响[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(2): 393-404.
Yang LAI, Qingliang XU, Qun LUO, Qian LI. Effect of Pickling-induced Surface Changes of Steel Substrate on Corrosion Resistance of Tinplate[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(2): 393-404.

全文: PDF(19882 KB) HTML

摘要:

基板表面状态是影响镀锡板镀层结构与耐蚀性能的关键因素，酸洗工艺可有效改变基板表面状态。本文针对不同表面粗糙度等级的基板，分别采用电解酸洗和化学酸洗进行前处理，结合电化学分析测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法，系统探究了基板表面状态在不同酸洗工艺下的变化及其对镀锡板耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明，对于粗糙表面基板，电解酸洗可降低基板表面粗糙度，促进锡层沉积及合金层柱状晶粒的形成，提升耐蚀性能；而化学酸洗处理后基板粗糙度较高，抑制了锡层生长，合金层组织细小，耐蚀性能下降。对于光滑表面基板，更换酸洗工艺的影响较小。基板表面状态在镀层沉积与耐蚀性能形成中起关键作用，其变化影响锡层沉积过程、Sn-Fe合金层的组织结构。

关键词 ：镀锡板, 基板表面状态, 酸洗, 耐蚀性能, 钝化膜

Abstract：

The surface state of the pre-treated steel substrate is a key factor affecting the coating structure and corrosion resistance of the tinplate. As a surface pretreatment method, the pickling process can effectively change the surface state of the steel substrate. In this paper, electrolytic pickling and chemical pickling were used for pretreatment of steel substrates with different surface roughness levels. Then, the changes in the surface state of the steel substrates pre-treated by different pickling processes and their effect on the corrosion resistance of the tinplates were systematically assessed by means of electrochemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that for rough surface of steel substrates, electrolytic pickling can effectively reduce the surface roughness, promote the uniform deposition of the tin layer and the formation of columnar grains in the galvanizing coatings, and improve their interface bonding and corrosion resistance; For the substrate steel of initial higher roughness that was subjected to chemical pickling, it will suppress the growth of the tin plating layer, resulting in a fine structure of the galvanizing coating and a decrease in corrosion resistance. For substrates steel of smooth surface, the effect of the pickling process induced changes is small. The surface state of the substrate steel plays a key role in the coating formation and its corrosion resistance. It follows that these changes affect the uniformity of the tin layer deposition interface and the microstructure of the Sn-Fe alloy layer, which in turn determines the corrosion resistance of the coating.

Key words： tinplate substrate surface condition pickling corrosion resistance passivation film

收稿日期: 2025-04-24 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.128

ZTFLH:

TG174

通讯作者: 李谦，E-mail：cquliqian@cqu.edu.cn，研究方向为金属腐蚀与防护

作者简介: 赖漾，男，1999年生，硕士生

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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.128 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2026/V46/I2/393

图1 镀锡板样品处理流程图

表1 镀锡板样品编号与信息

图2 不同表面粗糙度等级基板在酸洗处理前后的表面形貌

图3 不同表面粗糙度等级基板在酸洗处理前后三维形貌

图4 不同表面粗糙度等级基板酸洗处理前后表面粗糙度变化情况

图5 不同基板表面粗糙度等级和酸洗处理方式镀锡板表面形貌及EDS结果

图6 不同基板表面粗糙度等级和酸洗处理方式镀锡板XRD谱

图7 不同基板表面粗糙度等级和酸洗处理方式镀锡板的截面形貌及EDS结果

图8 不同基板表面粗糙度等级和酸洗处理方式镀锡板在电解过程中的电位-时间曲线

图9 不同基板表面粗糙度等级和酸洗处理方式镀锡板的锡铁合金层形貌

图10 R表面镀锡板在不同酸洗处理方式下锡铁合金层的透射电子显微镜图像

图11 不同基板表面粗糙度等级和酸洗处理方式镀锡板的动电位极化曲线

表2 动电位极化曲线的拟合电化学参数

图12 不同基板表面粗糙度等级和酸洗处理方式镀锡板的电化学阻抗谱

表3 电化学阻抗谱的拟合电化学参数

图13 R表面镀锡板在不同酸洗处理下钝化膜XPS谱

表4 镀锡板钝化膜成分组成 (atomic fraction / %)

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