激光熔凝表面改性铁基粉末冶金材料腐蚀防护机理

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.127

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (2): 590-600 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.127 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.127

研究报告

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激光熔凝表面改性铁基粉末冶金材料腐蚀防护机理

李勇¹, 王靖超², 胡勇²(

), 高尧¹, 李贵铭³, 陈少武³, 柴利强⁴, 缪星旭¹

^1.浙江工贸职业技术学院温州市先进金属材料重点实验室温州 325700
^2.兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室兰州 730050
^3.浙江迅达工业股份有限公司温州 325204
^4.中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室兰州 730000

Influence of Surface Laser Rapid Melting-solidifying Treatment on Corrosion Performance of Powder Metallurgy Iron-based Materials

LI Yong¹, WANG Jingchao², HU Yong²(

), GAO Yao¹, LI Guiming³, CHEN Shaowu³, CHAI Liqiang⁴, MIAO Xingxu¹

^1.Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou 325700, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
^3.Zhejiang Xunda Industrial Co. Ltd. , Wenzhou 325204, China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

引用本文:

李勇, 王靖超, 胡勇, 高尧, 李贵铭, 陈少武, 柴利强, 缪星旭. 激光熔凝表面改性铁基粉末冶金材料腐蚀防护机理[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(2): 590-600.
Yong LI, Jingchao WANG, Yong HU, Yao GAO, Guiming LI, Shaowu CHEN, Liqiang CHAI, Xingxu MIAO. Influence of Surface Laser Rapid Melting-solidifying Treatment on Corrosion Performance of Powder Metallurgy Iron-based Materials[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(2): 590-600.

全文: PDF(17931 KB) HTML

摘要:

为提高铁基粉末冶金材料的耐蚀性能，采用激光熔凝技术对其表面进行改性处理。通过优化工艺参数(激光功率200 W、光斑直径1.8 mm、扫描速度8 mm/s、搭接率35%~65%)，在材料表面制备出厚度超过210 μm的无缺陷熔凝层。结合中性盐雾实验与电化学测试分析表明：熔凝层显著提升耐蚀性，腐蚀速率降低57.0%~81.8%，在3.5%NaCl溶液中电化学性能改善(自腐蚀电位提升12.4%~16.7%，自腐蚀电流密度下降14.4%~65.2%)，容抗弧直径与阻抗模值显著增加，耐蚀性随搭接率升高而增强。显微结构表征显示，熔凝层通过致密化表面、封闭孔隙、细化晶粒、诱发组织相变生成隐晶马氏体和残余奥氏体等因素产生的协同作用，能增加腐蚀介质渗透的难度，提高组织耐蚀的能力。其抗蚀机制主要源于物理屏障效应与微观组织优化的协同防护作用。

关键词 ：铁基粉末冶金, 激光熔凝, 表面改性, 耐蚀性, 防护机理

Abstract：

To enhance the corrosion resistance, the powder metallurgy (PM) Fe-based material was surface modified by laser surface melting (LSM) technology. By optimizing process parameters (laser power: 200 W, spot diameter: 1.8 mm, scanning speed: 8 mm/s, overlap ratio: 35%-65%), a defect-free melted layer with a thickness exceeding 210 μm was fabricated on the surface of powder metallurgy Fe-based gear hub parts. Neutral salt spray tests and electrochemical analyses demonstrated that the melted layer significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the Fe-based material, namely of which the corrosion rate reduced by 57.0%-81.8%. In a 3.5%NaCl solution, the electrochemical performance was notably enhanced with an increase of free-corrosion potential by 12.4%-16.7% and an increase free-corrosion current density by 14.4%-65.2%. Additionally, the diameter of the capacitive arc and impedance modulus increased markedly, while the corrosion resistance improved with higher overlap ratios. Microstructural characterization revealed that the melted layer effectively blocked corrosive medium penetration and improved the corrosion resistance through synergistic effects related with surface densification, pore closure, grain refinement, and phase transformation. The study confirms that LSM treatment significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of PM Fe-based materials, primarily attributed to the combined protective effects of physical barrier formation and microstructural optimization.

Key words： Fe-based powder metallurgy laser melting surface modification corrosion resistance protection mechanism

收稿日期: 2025-04-24 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.127

ZTFLH:

TG174

基金资助:温州市重大科技创新攻关项目(ZG2021015);校企合作科研项目(H2021030);2023年温州市材料工程技术教师教学创新团队项目

通讯作者: 胡勇，E-mail：luthuyong@163.com，研究方向为新材料非平衡制备、凝固组织控制与性能设计

作者简介: 李勇，男，1976年生，硕士，副教授

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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.127 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2026/V46/I2/590

图1 不同搭接率下熔凝层渗透探伤宏观形貌

图2 不同搭接率下熔凝层纵剖面金相形貌

图3 激光熔凝从表层到基体的分层示意图

图4 不同搭接率下激光熔凝处理试样的XRD图

图5 35%搭接率下试样的熔凝层SEM形貌图

图6 35%搭接率下激光熔凝处理试样熔凝层与基体的IPF和晶粒尺寸分布图

图7 不同试样在中性盐雾实验后的腐蚀失重和腐蚀速率变化图

图8 不同搭接率试样在中性盐雾实验后的SEM形貌图

图9 铁基粉末冶金基体试样与激光熔凝处理试样的动电位极化曲线图

图10 不同搭接率试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中的Nyquist、Bode图和等效电路图

表1 基体和激光熔凝处理试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中的等效电路参数表

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