316L不锈钢焊接接头在含S-H2S环境中的腐蚀行为

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.008

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2025, Vol. 45

Issue (6): 1725-1733 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.008 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.008

研究报告

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316L不锈钢焊接接头在含S-H₂S环境中的腐蚀行为

李科¹(

), 李天雷¹, 曹晓燕¹, 姜流¹, 王雅熙¹, 肖泽渝², 钟显康³

1 中国石油工程建设有限公司西南分公司成都 610041
2 西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院成都 610500
3 西安交通大学化学工程与技术学院西安 710049

Corrosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Welded Joints in S-H₂S-containing Environments

LI Ke¹(

), LI Tianlei¹, CAO Xiaoyan¹, JIANG Liu¹, WANG Yaxi¹, XIAO Zeyu², ZHONG Xiankang³

1 China Petroleum Engineering & Construction Corporation Southwest Company, Chengdu 610041, China
2 School of Oil and Natural Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
3 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, China

引用本文:

李科, 李天雷, 曹晓燕, 姜流, 王雅熙, 肖泽渝, 钟显康. 316L不锈钢焊接接头在含S-H₂S环境中的腐蚀行为[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(6): 1725-1733.
Ke LI, Tianlei LI, Xiaoyan CAO, Liu JIANG, Yaxi WANG, Zeyu XIAO, Xiankang ZHONG. Corrosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Welded Joints in S-H₂S-containing Environments[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(6): 1725-1733.

全文: PDF(5329 KB) HTML

摘要:

316L不锈钢母材具有很好的耐蚀性在含硫天然气净化设备及管道中被广泛使用。但焊缝区和热影响区的耐蚀性能可能较低，存在较高的腐蚀风险。因此，开展316L不锈钢焊接接头的耐蚀性能研究对保障含硫天然气净化设备及管道的运行安全有着重要意义。本文通过失重法、超景深三维扫描显微镜和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析技术研究了316L不锈钢母材、焊缝、热影响区在模拟工况下的腐蚀行为。通过XPS技术和Mott-Schottky方法对3种钝化膜的成分和半导体特性进行分析。结果表明：不含H₂S时，3种材质无明显的腐蚀，均匀腐蚀速率仅为0.001~0.004 mm/a。含H₂S时，其含量越高，腐蚀速率越高；在120 ℃、0.1 MPa H₂S的条件下，焊缝、母材、热影响区的均匀腐蚀速率分别为0.316、0.472、0.551 mm/a，局部腐蚀速率分别为86.590、42.757、60.861 mm/a；在90 ℃，1 MPa H₂S下，3种材质的均匀腐蚀速率分别为1.136、1.001、0.861 mm/a，局部腐蚀速率分别为125.595、90.297、124.291 mm/a。以上结果表明，焊缝是发生局部腐蚀的高风险区域，其局部腐蚀速率约为母材的1.4~2倍。XPS结果显示，腐蚀产物主要为Fe的硫化物、Fe的氧化物、Cr(OH)₃。钝化膜的半导体特性分析显示，焊缝区域的载流子浓度最高，因此该区域的钝化容易遭到破坏，发生局部腐蚀的风险增加。

关键词 ：焊接接头, 316L不锈钢, XPS, 局部腐蚀, 元素硫

Abstract：

316L stainless steel is widely used in the sulfur-containing natural gas purification equipment and pipelines. But, its welded seam and heat-affected zone may pose a higher risk of corrosion, because of their lower resistance of corrosion refer to base material. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel in welded joints is crucial to guaranteeing the safe operation of the relevant equipment and pipelines. Herein, the corrosion behavior of the substrate, welded seam, and heat-affected zone of 316L stainless steel in a simulated service condition was investigated using weight loss method, ultra-depth three-dimensional scanning microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The composition and semiconductor properties of the formed passive films were characterized using XPS and the Mott-Schottky method. The results show that, when H₂S is free, the steel exhibit very light corrosion, with a general corrosion rate of only 0.001~0.004 mm/a. The content of H₂S correlates with the corrosion rate, as the H₂S content increases, the corrosion rate also rises; for example, in conditions of 0.1 MPa H₂S at 120 ^oC, the general corrosion rate of the welded seam, base material, and heat-affected zone is 0.316, 0.472, and 0.551 mm/a, respectively, and the localized corrosion rates is 86.590, 42.757, and 60.861 mm/a. At 90 ^oC and 1 MPa H₂S, the general corrosion rate of them is 1.136, 1.001, and 0.861 mm/a, and the localized corrosion rateis 125.595, 90.297, and 124.291 mm/a. These results indicate that the welded seam is a high-risk area for localized corrosion, with the localized corrosion rate is approximately 1.4 to 2 times that of the base material. XPS results revealed that the main corrosion products were iron sulfides, iron oxides, and Cr(OH)₃. The analysis of the semiconductor properties of the formed passive films showed that the welded seam had the highest carrier concentration, making the passive film in this region more susceptible to damage, leading to an increased risk of localized corrosion.

Key words： welded joints 316L stainless steel XPS localized corrosion elemental sulfur

收稿日期: 2025-01-02 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.008

ZTFLH:

TG172

通讯作者: 李科，E-mail：like_sw@cnpc.com.cn，研究方向为能源装备腐蚀与防护

Corresponding author: LI Ke, E-mail: like_sw@cnpc.com.cn

作者简介: 李科，男，1984年生，硕士，高级工程师

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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.008 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2025/V45/I6/1725

表1 模拟工况下的实验条件

图1 不同实验条件下316L不锈钢焊缝(WS)、母材(BM)以及热影响区(HAZ)试样的均匀腐蚀速率

图2 316L不锈钢WS、BM以及HAZ试样在不同条件腐蚀试验后的3D形貌

表2 316L不锈钢焊缝、母材以及热影响区试样在不同实验条件下的局部腐蚀速率 (mm/a)

图3 316L不锈钢WS、BM以及HAZ试样在不同实验条件下的XPS精细谱

表3 腐蚀产物的XPS表征结果

图4 316L不锈钢WS、BM以及HAZ 3种试样的Mott-Schottky曲线

图5 316L不锈钢WS、BM以及HAZ 3种试样钝化膜的载流子浓度

图6 316L不锈钢WS、BM以及HAZ 3种试样钝化膜的XPS分析

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