后热处理对不同含碳量<strong>SLM-316L</strong>不锈钢晶间腐蚀行为的作用机制研究

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2022.364

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2023, Vol. 43

Issue (6): 1273-1283 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.364 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2022.364

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后热处理对不同含碳量SLM-316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀行为的作用机制研究

商强¹, 满成¹(

), 逄昆¹, 崔中雨¹, 董超芳², 崔洪芝¹

^1.中国海洋大学材料科学与工程学院青岛 266100
^2.北京科技大学新材料技术研究院北京 100083

Mechanism of Post-heat Treatment on Intergranular Corrosion Behavior of SLM-316L Stainless Steel with Different Carbon Contents

SHANG Qiang¹, MAN Cheng¹(

), PANG Kun¹, CUI Zhongyu¹, DONG Chaofang², CUI Hongzhi¹

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
^2.Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

引用本文:

商强, 满成, 逄昆, 崔中雨, 董超芳, 崔洪芝. 后热处理对不同含碳量SLM-316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀行为的作用机制研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(6): 1273-1283.
Qiang SHANG, Cheng MAN, Kun PANG, Zhongyu CUI, Chaofang DONG, Hongzhi CUI. Mechanism of Post-heat Treatment on Intergranular Corrosion Behavior of SLM-316L Stainless Steel with Different Carbon Contents[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(6): 1273-1283.

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摘要:

选取含碳量不同的两种SLM-316L不锈钢作为研究对象，以不同碳含量的316L不锈钢的成分作为输入参数，使用Thermal-Calc软件计算获得M₂₃C₆等析出相的热力学参数；以此为依据，对SLM-316L不锈钢进行900 ºC后热处理和650 ºC敏化处理，随后采用SEM、TEM和SKPFM等方法研究SLM-316L不锈钢组织结构和析出相的特征，通过DL-EPR和过硫酸铵电解法研究SLM-316L不锈钢的晶间腐蚀行为。结果表明，后热处理导致内部的亚晶与位错开始消失，碳含量较高的1#试样晶界处析出不连续的微米级M₂₃C₆，碳含量较低的2#试样中则无M₂₃C₆析出；并且后热处理导致两种SLM-316L不锈钢的耐晶间腐蚀性能均下降；后热处理SLM-316L不锈钢的晶间腐蚀主要起源于微米级M₂₃C₆周边区域，随后分别围绕M₂₃C₆析出相和沿晶界扩散形成腐蚀坑和沟壑。结果表明，在900 °C热处理后，亚晶和位错开始消失，出现不连续的微米级M₂₃C₆在高碳含量 (0.0090%)，而在含碳量较低 (0.0063%)；含碳量较低的SLM-316L不锈钢的抗晶间腐蚀能力高于含碳量较低的SLM-316L。含碳量较低的SLM-316L试样的抗晶间腐蚀性能高于含碳量较高的试样，两种含碳量的SLM-316L不锈钢在900 °C热处理后抗晶间腐蚀性能均有所下降；SLM-316L不锈钢在900 °C热处理后的晶间腐蚀主要起源于微米级M₂₃C₆周围的贫铬区，随后分别在M₂₃C₆沉淀相周围和晶界扩散处形成腐蚀坑和凿孔。

关键词 ：选区激光熔化, 316L不锈钢, 后热处理, 晶间腐蚀, M₂₃C₆

Abstract：

Intergranular corrosion is an important form of failure of austenitic stainless steels such as 316L, and the precipitation of M₂₃C₆ and the formation of Cr-poor zones are usually considered to be an important cause of intergranular corrosion. Selected laser melting (SLM) is an emerging metal additive manufacturing technology, and the SLM process of 316L stainless steel has gradually matured in recent years. The rapid condensation of the laser melt pool during SLM processing leads to the existence of sub-grain boundaries, high-density dislocations and other non-equilibrium structures inside the SLM processed 316L stainless steel (later referred to as SLM-316L stainless steel), and the post-heat treatment is used to SLM-316L stainless steel by post-treatment to optimize the organization of the SLM-316L stainless steel can obtain a better overall performance. However, there are few reports on the intergranular corrosion of SLM-316L stainless steel, and the mechanism of the original non-equilibrium structure and post-treatment on the precipitation of M₂₃C₆ and the formation of the Cr-depleted zone is not clear. In this paper, two SLM-316L stainless steels with different carbon contents were selected as the object of study, and the thermodynamic parameters of precipitated phases such as M₂₃C₆ were obtained by using Thermal-calc software with the composition of 316L stainless steel with different carbon contents as input parameters. Based on this, SLM-316L stainless steel was subjected to 900 ºC post-heat treatment and 650 ºC sensitization treatment. Subsequently, SEM, TEM and SKPFM were used to study the characteristics of the organization and precipitation phases of SLM-316L stainless steel, and the intergranular corrosion behavior of SLM-316L stainless steel was studied by DL-EPR and ammonium persulfate electrolysis. The results showed that sub-grain and dislocation started to disappear after heat treatment at 900 ºC, and discontinuous micron-sized M₂₃C₆ precipitated at the grain boundaries of SLM-316L stainless steel with higher carbon content (0.0090%), while no M₂₃C₆ precipitated in the specimen with lower carbon content (0.0063%), the intergranular corrosion resistance of SLM-316L with lower carbon content was higher than that of SLM-316L. The intergranular corrosion resistance of SLM-316L with lower carbon content is higher than that of the specimen with higher carbon content, and the intergranular corrosion resistance of SLM-316L stainless steel with both carbon contents decreases after 900 ºC post heat treatment; the intergranular corrosion of SLM-316L stainless steel after heat treatment at 900 ºC originates mainly in the Cr-poor zone around micron-sized M₂₃C₆, followed by the formation of corrosion pits and gouges around the M₂₃C₆ precipitation phase and along the grain boundary diffusion, respectively.

Key words： selective laser melting 316L stainless steel post-heat treatment intergranular corrosion M₂₃C₆

收稿日期: 2022-11-21 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.364

ZTFLH:

TG172

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2021YFE0114000);国家自然科学基金(51901216);国家自然科学基金(U2106216);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY101400);上海市电力材料防护与新材料重点实验室项目

通讯作者: 满成，E-mail: mancheng@ouc.edu.cn，研究方向为金属材料腐蚀与防护

Corresponding author: MAN Cheng, E-mail: mancheng@ouc.edu.cn

作者简介: 商强，男，1998年生，硕士生

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图1 不同碳含量316L不锈钢的Thermal-Calc计算结果

表1 Thermal-Calc计算时的参数成分输入 (不同含碳量316L不锈钢) (mass fraction / %)

图2 不同热处理后的SLM-316L不锈钢金相组织结构

图3 1# SLM-316L不锈钢试样组织结构的微观结构

图4 不同热处理条件下两种SLM-316L不锈钢SEM图像

图5 原位观测不同电解时间SLM 316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀形貌的SEM像

图6 1# SLM-316L不锈钢经过900 ℃后热处理析出的M23C6的SKPFM形貌和电势测量结果

图7 两种碳含量的SLM 316L不锈钢的DL-EPR测试结果图:

图8 经过不同热处理后两种SLM 316L不锈钢的电解2 min晶间腐蚀形貌

图9 原位观察0~300 s电解浸蚀SLM-316L不锈钢的CLSM图

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