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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2023, Vol. 43 Issue (4): 795-802    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2023.161
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Drawing of Atmospheric Corrosion Map of Carbon Steel and Galvanized Steel for Power Grid
HAO Wenkui1, CHEN Xin1, XU Lingling2, HAN Yu1, CHEN Yun1, HUANG Luyao1(), ZHU Zhixiang1, YANG Bingkun1, WANG Xiaofang1, ZHANG Qiang1
1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
2.HVDC Technical Center of State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing 100052, China
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Abstract  

Atmospheric corrosion is ubiquitous but varies a lot with varying climates and weather conditions at different test sites. Categorizing the atmospheric corrosivity and drawing atmospheric corrosion map with high precision remain key interest for different industries. In this study, atmospheric corrosion maps of carbon steel and galvanized steel for state gird corporation of China were constructed by inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation algorithm based on both the measured corrosion rates of coupons exposed at 2393 inland test stations and calculated corrosion rates from a prevalent dose-response function in 2918 sites in coastal regions. A chloride ion diffusion model in coastal region is also proposed to better predict corrosion rates of carbon steel and galvanized steel in coastal regions by using the dose response functions (DRFs) presented in ISO 9223. Cross-validation results demonstrated that the prediction accuracy of IDW interpolation algorithm of carbon steel and galvanized steel were 85.3% and 85.9%. The atmospheric corrosion maps show that the area, where C4-CX severe corrosion occurs for carbon steel and galvanized steel, accounts for 6.01% (462770 km2) and 5.25% (404250 km2) of the total area of the evaluation, respectively. The atmospheric corrosion map of the assessed area can be used to improve our capacity for corrosion protection, operation maintenance, and life prediction for outdoor engineering materials in severe corrosion area.
Key words:  carbon steel      galvanized steel      chloride ion diffusion model      atmospheric corrosion map     
Received:  11 May 2023      32134.14.1005.4537.2023.161
ZTFLH:  TG172  
Fund: Science and Technology Project of the Headquarters of State Grid Corporation of China(5200-202058470A-0-0-00)
Corresponding Authors:  HUANG Luyao, E-mail: hly_0531@163.com   
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HAO Wenkui
CHEN Xin
XU Lingling
HAN Yu
CHEN Yun
HUANG Luyao
ZHU Zhixiang
YANG Bingkun
WANG Xiaofang
ZHANG Qiang

Cite this article: 

HAO Wenkui, CHEN Xin, XU Lingling, HAN Yu, CHEN Yun, HUANG Luyao, ZHU Zhixiang, YANG Bingkun, WANG Xiaofang, ZHANG Qiang. Drawing of Atmospheric Corrosion Map of Carbon Steel and Galvanized Steel for Power Grid. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(4): 795-802.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2023.161     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2023/V43/I4/795

Station

Annual average temperature

/ °C

Annual average relative humidity

Annual average SO2 deposition

/ mg·m-2·d-1

LiaoningDalian11.859.9%16.8
Lvshun11.261.7%17.4
Yingkou10.860.3%20.5
Huludao10.654.9%19
HebeiQinhuangdao14.558.2%24.6
Tangshan14.256.4%20.1
Cangzhou14.258%23.2
TianjinTianjin15.954.6%16.9
ShandongWeihai15.465.9%20.9
Qingdao14.660.2%27
JiangsuLianyungang16.271%15.9
Yancheng16.469.3%17
Nantong115.972.9%17.9
Nantong21667.5%16.2
ShanghaiShanghai17.473.5%11.7
ZhejiangZhoushan17.675.6%12
Ningbo118.476.2%9.6
Ningbo218.377.5%8.9
Taizhou118.976.9%11
Taizhou218.277.3%10.7
Wenzhou1876.8%10.5
FujianFuzhou19.875%10.2
Putian20.476.3%10.6
Quanzhou20.674.8%9.4
Xiamen21.277.1%8.8
Table 1  Annual average values of corrosion factors collected from monitoring stations
Station

Distance to the coastline

km

Annual Cl- deposition

mg·m-2·d-1

XiamenDalianWeihaiAverage
10.01195182.2178.9185.4
20.198.37/108103.2
31.758.14/54.656.4
4421.5427.94/24.7
5733.13/33.933.5
6831.1618.21/24.7
71514.6513.0912.1313.29
8308.226.38.167.56
Table 2  Deposition rate of Cl- for environment monitor stations along the distance to the coastline
Corrosion categoryCorrosion rate of metals (rcorr / g·m-2·a-1)
Carbon steelZinc
C1rcorr≤10rcorr≤0.7
C210< rcorr≤2000.7< rcorr≤5
C3200< rcorr≤4005< rcorr≤15
C4400< rcorr≤65015< rcorr≤30
C5650< rcorr≤150030< rcorr≤60
CX1500< rcorr≤550060< rcorr≤180
Table 3  Corrosion rate of carbon steel and galvanized steel for the first year of exposure for the different corrosion category
Fig.1  Results of corrosion categories of carbon steel (a) and galvanized steel (b) according to ISO 9223
Fig.2  Cl- diffusion model in coastal region
Fig.3  Atmospheric corrosion map of carbon steel for power grid with p values of 1 (a), 2 (b), 3 (c) and 4 (d)
Fig.4  Atmospheric corrosion map of galvanized steel for power grid with p values of 1 (a), 2 (b), 3 (c) and 4 (d)
Materialp valueRME

MAE

μm·a-1

RMSE

μm·a-1

Carbon steel127.08%0.2610.327
225.16%0.2390.298
328.01%0.2420.337
429.76%0.2690.352
Galvanized steel129.17%0.2890.318
226.65%0.2560.309
327.99%0.2740.321
428.76%0.2930.347
Table 4  RME, MAE and RMSE of interpolation results by cross validation with different p values
MaterialCategoryp=1p=2p=3p=4
differenceNumberProportionNumberProportionNumberProportionNumberProportion
Carbon steelConsistent category57181.6%59785.3%58483.4%57281.7%
One category difference9513.6%7711.0%8912.7%9713.9%
Two categories difference344.8%263.7%273.9%314.4%
Galvanized steelConsistent category58183.0%60185.9%58583.6%57381.9%
One category difference9113.0%7510.7%8612.3%9413.4%
Two categories difference284.0%243.4%294.1%334.7%
Table 5  Statistics of corrosion categories of carbon steel and galvanized steel prediction results by cross validation
Carbon steelGalvanized steel
Corrosion category

Area

km2

Proportion

Area

km2

Proportion
C11316701.71%1378301.79%
C2375221048.73%379225049.25%
C3335335043.55%336567043.71%
C44088305.31%3349504.35%
C5400400.52%446600.58%
CX139000.18%246400.32%
Table 6  The area and proportion of different corrosion
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