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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2015, Vol. 35 Issue (2): 113-121    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2013.262
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Influence of Environmental Factors on Property of Passive Film Formed on X100 Pipeline Steel
ZHAO Yang1, LIANG Ping1(), SHI Yanhua1, ZHANG Yunxia2
1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China
2. Continual Education Institute, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China
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Abstract  

Effect of temperature, pH and chloride ion concentration on the property of passive films formed on X100 pipeline steel were investigated in an artificial soil solution by polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and capacitance measurements technique. The results polarization measurement showed that the range of passive potential and the corrosion resistance of the steel decreased with the increasing temperature from 20 to 60 ℃, the increasing Cl- concentration from 0.001 to 0.005 mol/L and the decreasing pH value from 10.84 to 9.27 respectively. EIS results displayed that the compactness of passive films decreased with the increasing temperature and Cl- concentration, and the decreasing pH respectively, while temperature exhibited the strongest effect among the three factors on the compactness of the passive films. The results of capacitance measurement and theoretical calculation implied that the Cl- concentration exhibited the strongest effect on the thickness of passive film, while temperature exhibited the strongest effect on the defect density and diffusion coefficient of the passive films.
Key words:  X100 pipeline steel      environmental factor      semi-conductive property      Mott-Schottky analysis      EIS     
Received:  10 December 2013     
ZTFLH:  TG142.71  
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Yang ZHAO
Ping LIANG
Yanhua SHI
Yunxia ZHANG

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ZHAO Yang, LIANG Ping, SHI Yanhua, ZHANG Yunxia. Influence of Environmental Factors on Property of Passive Film Formed on X100 Pipeline Steel. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2015, 35(2): 113-121.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2013.262     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2015/V35/I2/113

Experimental condition Solution composition
Temperature / ℃ 20 0.5 mol/L NaHCO3
40 0.5 mol/L NaHCO3
60 0.5 mol/L NaHCO3
pH 9.27 0.05 mol/L NaHCO3＋0.25 mol/L Na2CO3
9.78 0.25 mol/L NaHCO3＋0.25 mol/L Na2CO3
10.84 0.05 mol/L NaHCO3＋0.5 mol/L Na2CO3
Cl-/molL-1 0.001 0.5 mol/L NaHCO3＋0.001 mol/L NaCl
0.003 0.5 mol/L NaHCO3＋0.003 mol/L NaCl
0.005 0.5 mol/L NaHCO3＋0.005 mol/L NaCl
Table 1  Solution compositions used for different experimental conditions
Fig.1  Effects of temperature (a), pH (b) and Cl- concentration (c) on the polarization curves of X100 pipeline steel in high pH solutions
Fig.2  Nyquist plots of passive films formed on X100 steel under various potentials at 20 ℃ (a), 40 ℃ (b) and 60 ℃ (c)
Fig.3  Equivalent circuit of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopies
Temperature
℃ 		Formation
potential / V 		RS
Ωcm2 		Qf×10-4
Fcm2 		n1 Rf×104
Ωcm2 		Qdl×10-4
Fcm2 		n2 Rct×103
Ωcm2
20 0.1 11.82 5.750 0.927 3.170 6.82 0.912 5.360
0.2 14.14 5.403 0.926 3.581 6.88 0.911 9.761
0.3 10.67 5.359 0.929 4.057 5.68 0.920 12.19
0.4 6.058 5.074 0.927 5.233 4.28 0.937 14.01
40 0.1 8.932 5.970 0.901 1.588 4.63 0.901 2.491
0.2 6.027 7.249 0.917 2.652 5.54 0.945 5.854
0.3 5.469 6.542 0.913 4.414 6.87 0.916 6.542
0.4 5.285 5.536 0.904 5.125 7.72 0.925 6.933
60 0.1 4.311 4.942 0.945 1.088 6.70 0.914 2.246
0.2 5.124 5.893 0.913 2.430 7.75 0.946 4.562
0.3 3.461 5.714 0.925 4.018 6.21 0.936 5.623
0.4 6.156 6.321 0.905 5.048 5.45 0.906 5.825
Table 2  Fitting results of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopies
Fig.4  Nyquist plots of the passive films formed on X100 steel in the solutions with pH=9.27 (a), pH=9.78 (b) and pH=10.84 (c)
Fig.5  Nyquist plots of the passive films formed at different potentials in the solutions containing Cl- of 0.001 molL-1 (a), 0.003 molL-1 (b) and 0.005 molL-1 (c)
pH Formation
potential / V 		Rf×104
Ωcm2 		[Cl-]
mol/L 		Formation potential / V Rf×103
Ωcm2 		Temperature
℃ 		Formation potential / V Rf×104
Ωcm2
9.27 0.1 1.112 0.001 0.1 9.621 20 0.1 11.82
0.2 1.652 0.2 9.758 0.2 14.14
0.3 3.626 0.3 9.898 0.3 10.67
0.4 4.009 0.4 10.257 0.4 6.058
9.78 0.1 1.217 0.003 0.1 7.913 40 0.1 8.932
0.2 1.897 0.2 8.345 0.2 6.027
0.3 4.654 0.3 9.165 0.3 5.469
0.4 6.568 0.4 9.752 0.4 5.285
10.84 0.1 1.362 0.005 0.1 6.586 60 0.1 4.311
0.2 3.288 0.2 7.894 0.2 5.124
0.3 5.678 0.3 8.965 0.3 3.461
0.4 7.895 0.4 9.968 0.4 6.156
Table 3  Fitting results of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopies obtained under different conditions
Fig.6  Relationships between the thickness and formation potential of passive films at 20 ℃ (a), 40 ℃ (b) and 60 ℃ (c)
Experimental condition Fitting equation x =0.1
Temperature 20 ℃ y =1.8836x+0.4924 y =0.6808
40 ℃ y =1.9230x+0.3765 y =0.5688
60 ℃ y =1.7752x+0.3528 y =0.5303
pH 9.27 y =3.3452x+0.9599 y =1.2944
9.78 y =3.2542x+1.2753 y =1.6007
10.84 y =3.2473x+1.5822 y =1.9069
Cl- 0.001 y =1.338x+0.1403 y =0.2741
0.003 y =0.6380x+0.1302 y =0.1940
0.005 y =0.2870x+0.1276 y =0.1563
Table 4  Relationships between the thickness and formation potential of the passive films under different conditions
Fig.7  Mott-Schottky plots of the passive films formed on X100 steel at 20 ℃ (a), 40 ℃ (b) and 60 ℃ (c)
Formation potential / V 20 ℃ 40 ℃ 60 ℃
10-21 ND/cm-3 10-21 ND/cm-3 10-21 ND'/cm-3 10-21 (ND+ND')/cm-3 10-21 ND/cm-3 10-21 ND'/cm-3 10-21 (ND+ND')/cm-3
0.1 1.584 2.957 2.472 5.429 2.976 2.653 5.629
0.2 1.247 2.919 1.754 4.637 2.938 1.984 4.922
0.3 0.996 2.570 1.263 3.833 2.677 1.493 4.170
0.4 0.904 2.350 1.024 3.374 2.556 1.186 3.742
Table 5  Donor densities of the passive films formed at different temperatures
Fig.8  Mott-Schottky plots of the passive films formed on X100 steel in the solutions with pH=9.27 (a), pH=9.78 (b) and pH=10.84 (c)
Fig.9  Mott-Schottky plots of the passive films formed at different potentials in the solutions containing Cl- of 0.001 molL-1 (a), 0.003 molL-1 (b) and 0.005 molL-1 (c)
Temperature
℃ 		Formation potential / V 10-21
(ND+ND')/cm-3 		pH Formation potential / V 10-21
(ND+ND')/cm-3 		[Cl-]
mol/L 		Formation potential / V 10-21
(ND+ND')/cm-3
20 0.1 1.584 9.27 0.1 7.955 0.001 0.1 7.017
0.2 1.247 0.2 5.824 0.2 6.034
0.3 0.996 0.3 5.204 0.3 5.031
0.4 0.904 0.4 4.674 0.4 4.254
40 0.1 5.429 9.78 0.1 5.893 0.003 0.1 21.76
0.2 4.637 0.2 4.929 0.2 11.13
0.3 3.833 0.3 4.418 0.3 7.741
0.4 3.374 0.4 3.724 0.4 6.537
60 0.1 5.629 10.84 0.1 5.612 0.005 0.1 45.108
0.2 4.922 0.2 4.219 0.2 25.246
0.3 4.170 0.3 3.715 0.3 18.997
0.4 3.742 0.4 3.198 0.4 14.621
Table 6  Calculated donor densities of the passive films formed under different conditions
Environmental parameter Experimental condition D0 / 10-17cm2s-1
Temperature 20 ℃ 1.755×10-17
40 ℃ 3.264×10-17
60 ℃
5.147×10-17
pH 9.27 1.551×10-17
9.78 0.847×10-17
10.84 0.553×10-17
Cl- 0.001 mol/L 1.076×10-17
0.003 mol/L 1.906×10-17
0.005 mol/L 3.568×10-17
Table 7  Calculated diffusion coefficients of defects in the passive films under different conditions
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