日本高放废物处置容器腐蚀厚度设计研究进展

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2024.205

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2025, Vol. 45

Issue (3): 563-576 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.205 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.205

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日本高放废物处置容器腐蚀厚度设计研究进展

彭立园¹^,²(

), 谢敬礼¹^,², 曹胜飞¹^,², 谭季波³, 吴欣强³, 张兹瑜³

^1.核工业北京地质研究院北京 100029
^2.国家原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心北京 100029
^3.中国科学院金属研究所中国科学院核用材料与安全评价重点实验室沈阳 110016

Review on Corrosion Thickness Design of Canister for High-level Radioactive Waste in Japan

PENG Liyuan¹^,²(

), XIE Jingli¹^,², CAO Shengfei¹^,², TAN Jibo³, WU Xinqiang³, ZHANG Ziyu³

^1.Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China
^2.High-level Radioactive Waste, CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal, Beijing 100029, China
^3.CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

彭立园, 谢敬礼, 曹胜飞, 谭季波, 吴欣强, 张兹瑜. 日本高放废物处置容器腐蚀厚度设计研究进展[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(3): 563-576.
Liyuan PENG, Jingli XIE, Shengfei CAO, Jibo TAN, Xinqiang WU, Ziyu ZHANG. Review on Corrosion Thickness Design of Canister for High-level Radioactive Waste in Japan[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(3): 563-576.

全文: PDF(5251 KB) HTML

摘要:

高放废物的安全处置是一个国际难题。我国通过建设采用“多重屏障系统”概念设计的高放废物深地质处置库，将高放废物与生物圈隔离。其中处置容器作为核心的工程屏障，应满足将高放废物与生物圈隔离、抑制放射性核素向地下水中释放和迁移的安全功能。这要求处置容器在设计寿命年限内保持完整性，不发生腐蚀失效，因此合理设计处置容器的腐蚀厚度至关重要。碳钢对局部腐蚀不敏感，主要发生均匀腐蚀，作为处置容器材料的腐蚀厚度可以通过均匀腐蚀速率计算获得。本文综述了日本高放废物处置容器腐蚀厚度的设计思路，分析了碳钢作为处置容器材料在处置库中可能发生的腐蚀形式，总结了碳钢的均匀腐蚀厚度预测模型并指出了其中的不足，以期望为我国的高放废物处置容器腐蚀厚度设计提供参考。

关键词 ：高放废物, 处置容器, 碳钢, 均匀腐蚀, 腐蚀模型, 腐蚀深度

Abstract：

The safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste is an international challenge. Deep geological disposal repository for high-level radioactive waste with multibarrier system design concept is being planned to construct in China to isolate the radionuclides from the biosphere. To meet the safe function of isolating waste from the biosphere, while also suppressing the release and migration of radionuclides into groundwater within its designed lifetime, the disposal canister, as the key engineering barriers, should maintain its integrity and avoid failure by corrosion. Thus, it is of great significance to design the corrosion allowance of the canister reasonably. Carbon steels are less susceptible to localized corrosion and mainly corrodes uniformly. The corrosion allowance is acquired by the corrosion rate and lifetime when carbon steels are adopted as materials for canister. The design concept of the corrosion allowance of the canister for high-level radioactive waste in Japan is reviewed in the present work. The possible corrosion forms and the corrosion thickness prediction models of the carbon steel canister in disposal repository are analyzed, and modification suggestions are also discussed, aiming to provide a reference for the corrosion thickness design of the canister.

Key words： high-level radioactive waste canister carbon steel general corrosion corrosion model corrosion depth

收稿日期: 2024-07-08 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.205

ZTFLH:

TG174

基金资助:高放废物地质处置创新中心基金(WDZC-2023-HDYY-102)

通讯作者: 彭立园，E-mail：17824033690@163.com，研究方向为高放废物处置容器

Corresponding author: PENG Liyuan, E-mail: 17824033690@163.com

作者简介: 彭立园，女，1990年生，博士，工程师

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图1 钢发生氢脆的临界氢浓度与屈服强度之间的关系[32]

图2 碳钢在含有CO32-/Cl-的溶液和土壤中的平均腐蚀深度和点蚀因子之间的关系[51,52]

图3 碳钢的阳极极化曲线随测试溶液pH值的变化关系[13,56]

图4 碳钢在pH = 10测试溶液饱和的、不同干密度膨润土中的阳极极化曲线[13]

图5 碳钢的腐蚀行为与缓冲材料干密度和孔隙水pH的关系[51]

图6 膨润土孔隙水pH和膨润土干密度之间的关系[51]

图7 模型计算的碳钢的平均腐蚀速率随时间的变化[56]

图8 碳钢在80 ℃压实膨润土中的预测和试验平均腐蚀深度随时间的变化[50]

图9 碳钢在无氧溶液或膨润土中的平均腐蚀速率随时间变化关系[59~61]

表1 试样的化学成分[70] (mass fraction / %)

图10 试样在碱性碳酸盐溶液中浸泡90 d后的表面形貌[70]

图11 均匀腐蚀和局部腐蚀中点蚀因子随平均腐蚀深度的变化[70]

图12 MAG焊接接头在人工海水中浸泡3年后的表面形貌[66]

图13 焊接接头(TIG，MAG以及EBW)和基体金属在80 ℃、人工海水饱和的无氧膨润土中腐蚀3年的平均腐蚀速率[66]

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