增材制造合金在核能领域应用中的腐蚀研究进展

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.288

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (1): 15-24 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.288 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.288

增材制造与腐蚀专题

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

增材制造合金在核能领域应用中的腐蚀研究进展

戴念维¹^,²(

), 窦欣懿¹, 刘华剑¹, 冷滨¹^,²

^1.中国科学院上海应用物理研究所材料研究部上海 201800
^2.中国科学院上海应用物理研究所钍基核裂变能全国重点实验室上海 201800

Research Progress on Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Alloys Applied in Nuclear Energy Field

DAI Nianwei¹^,²(

), DOU Xinyi¹, LIU Huajian¹, LENG Bin¹^,²

^1.Division of Materials Research, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Thorium Energy, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China

引用本文:

戴念维, 窦欣懿, 刘华剑, 冷滨. 增材制造合金在核能领域应用中的腐蚀研究进展[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(1): 15-24.
Nianwei DAI, Xinyi DOU, Huajian LIU, Bin LENG. Research Progress on Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Alloys Applied in Nuclear Energy Field[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(1): 15-24.

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摘要:

增材制造(AM)技术，包括激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)、定向能量沉积(DED)和电弧送丝增材制造(WAAM)，因其具有高精度、加工效率高、复杂结构加工和节约材料成本等显著优势，开创了一个新的材料制造革命。增材制造技术在核能领域也展现出巨大的应用潜力，如制造反应堆芯、燃料包壳和先进热交换器等关键合金部件。然而，反应堆系统中的极端环境(高温、高压、辐照、强腐蚀性介质)对增材制造合金的服役性能提出了极高要求。其中，合金的耐腐蚀性能首当其冲成为关注的焦点。本文综述了近年来典型的增材制造合金，例如不锈钢、FeCrAl和复杂成分合金等，在模拟核服役环境下的腐蚀研究进展。对比研究了与传统锻造合金材料的差异，分析了微观结构特征对腐蚀机理的影响。进一步展望了增材制造合金在未来先进核能领域的应用前景。

关键词 ：增材制造, 核能, 腐蚀行为, 组织结构, 局部腐蚀, 应力腐蚀

Abstract：

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, including laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), directed energy deposition (DED), and wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), have started a revolution in materials manufacturing due to their significant advantages such as high precision, high processing efficiency, capability for complex structures and material cost savings. These technologies demonstrate immense application potential in nuclear energy sectors, particularly in fabricating critical alloy components such as reactor cores, fuel claddings and advanced heat exchangers. However, the extreme environments within reactor systems including high temperatures, high pressures, radiation and highly corrosive media, put forward strict demands on the service performance of additively manufactured alloys. Among others, the corrosion resistance of alloys has become a primary focus of concern. This review summarizes recent research progress on corrosion behavior in simulated nuclear conditions of typical additively manufactured alloys, such as stainless steels, FeCrAl alloys and complex composition alloys etc. It comparatively examines the differences between AM alloys and conventionally forged counterparts, analyzing the influence of microstructural characteristics on corrosion mechanisms. Furthermore, the application prospects of additively manufactured alloys in future advanced nuclear energy systems are discussed.

Key words： additive manufacturing nuclear energy corrosion behavior microstructure localized corrosion stress corrosion

收稿日期: 2025-09-11 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.288

ZTFLH:

TG147

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(12425511)

通讯作者: 戴念维，E-mail：dainianwei@sinap.ac.cn，研究方向为核能材料腐蚀与防护

作者简介: 戴念维，1990年12月生，2020年6月毕业于复旦大学，获工学博士学位，副研究员，中国科学院大学研究生导师。2020-2023年就职于中国科学技术大学。2023年9月加入中国科学院上海应用物理研究所。研究方向为先进核能材料腐蚀与防护、激光增材制造合金材料的服役行为研究。针对近年新兴的增材制造合金，开展了一系列腐蚀与防护研究，阐明了部分合金微观组织结构与腐蚀行为之间的内在关系，揭示了组织结构和缺陷特征对其腐蚀行为影响的电化学机制。将飞秒激光技术创新性地应用在传统合金及增材制造合金的表面处理上，获得了优异的腐蚀防护性能。现阶段致力于国际先进四代核反应堆材料的腐蚀与防护技术研究与探索。先后主持和参与了中国博士后科学基金、国家自然科学基金和中国科学院抢占科技制高点攻坚专项任务。以第一/通讯作者在Corrosion Science、ACS Nano、Journal of The Electrochemical Society 期刊上发表论文20 余篇，ESI 高被引论文2篇。先后获得中国腐蚀与防护学会科学技术奖（自然科学类）一等奖、中国腐蚀与防护学会科学技术奖优秀论文奖等。目前担任《中国腐蚀与防护学报》、Corrosion Communication 青年编委和中国腐蚀与防护学会青年工作委员会委员。

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图1 LPBF-316L不锈钢中的典型微观组织结构[13,22]

图2 LPBF-316L不锈钢中的组织结构各向异性，拉伸开裂行为特征差异和HIP处理后的组织结构及拉伸行为[26]

图3 AM制备的FeCrAl和ODS-FeCrAl合金的微观组织结构及其在LBE中的腐蚀行为特征[35,42]

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