晶粒尺寸对304L奥氏体不锈钢氢脆的影响

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2022.238

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2023, Vol. 43

Issue (3): 494-506 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.238 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2022.238

研究报告

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

晶粒尺寸对304L奥氏体不锈钢氢脆的影响

王艳飞¹(

), 李耀州¹, 黄玉婷¹, 谢宏琳¹, 吴炜杰²

^1.中国矿业大学化工学院徐州 221116
^2.北京科技大学新材料技术研究院北京 100083

Effect of Grain Size on Hydrogen Embrittlement of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel

WANG Yanfei¹(

), LI Yaozhou¹, HUANG Yuting¹, XIE Honglin¹, WU Weijie²

^1.School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
^2.Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

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摘要:

考虑到在预充氢与动态充氢两种加氢条件下的氢扩散、陷阱与位错运动的相互影响存在差异，本文通过重度冷轧和退火处理制备了不同晶粒尺寸的304L不锈钢试样，采用单轴拉伸实验对比研究了预充氢和动态充氢两种条件下晶粒尺寸对钢HE敏感性的影响，并结合断口分析从氢陷阱、氢浓度的角度分析了晶界的作用。结果表明，动态充氢下，表面裂纹扩展和位错运动能够提高氢的有效扩散系数并加速氢进入试样内，但随着晶粒尺寸降低，由于晶界陷阱作用增加，氢的有效扩散系数降低，同时由于进入试样的氢被大量晶界陷阱瓜分使氢分布均匀化，使每个晶界处的局部氢浓度降低，因此动态充氢条件下晶粒细化抑制钢的HE。相反，预充氢条件下晶粒细化增加HE，因为较长的预充氢时间 (96 h) 使大量氢进入细晶试样并存储于晶界陷阱内，提高了晶界氢浓度，在后续拉伸过程中，晶界作为氢源向新生位错供氢，因此导致了细晶试样的HE敏感性反而更高。

关键词 ：氢脆, 奥氏体不锈钢, 晶粒尺寸, 氢陷阱

Abstract：

The effect of hydrogen pre-charging and in situ charging on performance of the charged steel is different due to the diverse interactions between hydrogen diffusion, trapping and dislocation movements for the two processes. In this paper, 304L austenitic stainless steels of different grain size were produced by heavy cold-rolling and annealing treatment, and then their hydrogen embrittlement behavior were investigated by tensile tests, while the testing steels were subjected to either hydrogen pre-charging or in-situ charging. The results showed that, during tensile testing by in situ hydrogen charging, the emerging surface cracks and dislocation movements could increase effective hydrogen diffusivity, meanwhile, the entering hydrogen is absorbed by a large number of grain boundary traps in the steel to homogenize the distribution of hydrogen, which leads to the relative decrease of local hydrogen concentration for each grain boundary. Therefore, grain refinement can inhibit the hydrogen embrittlement tendency of steel during tensile test while dynamic hydrogen charging. On the contrary, a long pre-charging time (96 h) makes a large amount of hydrogen enter the fine-grained steel and store in the grain boundary traps, which increases the concentration of hydrogen in grain boundaries. In the subsequent tensile testing, the grain boundaries serve as a source to supply hydrogen to the newly generated dislocations, resulting in a higher sensitivity of fine-grained steel to hydrogen embrittlement. Indeed, for the steel subjected to pre-charging hydrogen, no evident of decrease in hydrogen concentration of grain boundaries was indicated after grain refinement. As the steel being subjected to pre-charging, each grain boundary contained a high amount of hydrogen, which may act as source for delivery of hydrogen to the newly generated dislocations, therefore, grain refinement enhanced the HE of fine-grained steels.

Key words： hydrogen embrittlement austenitic stainless steel grain size hydrogen trapping

收稿日期: 2022-07-20 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.238

ZTFLH:

TG142

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52175205)

通讯作者: 王艳飞，E-mail：wyf_hg@cumt.edu.cn，研究方向为金属氢脆及其防护

Corresponding author: WANG Yanfei, E-mail: wyf_hg@cumt.edu.cn

作者简介: 王艳飞，男，1986年生，博士，副教授

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引用本文:

王艳飞, 李耀州, 黄玉婷, 谢宏琳, 吴炜杰. 晶粒尺寸对304L奥氏体不锈钢氢脆的影响[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(3): 494-506.
WANG Yanfei, LI Yaozhou, HUANG Yuting, XIE Honglin, WU Weijie. Effect of Grain Size on Hydrogen Embrittlement of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(3): 494-506.

链接本文:

https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2022.238 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2023/V43/I3/494

图1 不同退火处理试样的XRD图谱和Williamson-Hall图

图2 各试样显示晶粒尺寸的金相图

表1 不同退火处理试样的平均晶粒尺寸、αʹ马氏体含量和位错密度

图3 各退火试样的拉伸应力应变曲线、屈服强度和预充氢试样与动态充氢试样HE敏感性指数比较

图4 未充氢试样的断口心部和边缘区域形貌

图5 充氢试样断口心部形貌

图6 动态充氢试样断口边缘区域断裂形貌

图7 预充氢试样断口边缘区域断裂形貌

表2 充氢试样的氢含量、脆性断裂区深度和有效氢扩散系数

图8 试样内晶界陷阱密度及其充氢时表面处的晶格间隙氢浓度CLS、位错陷阱氢浓度CTS,d、晶界陷阱氢浓度CTS,gb、表面处的总氢浓度即有效氢溶解度CtotalS和单位晶界陷阱氢浓度CT,gb/NT,gb

图9 随着拉伸应变增加预充氢试样表面处氢浓度的再分布

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