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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2021, Vol. 41 Issue (6): 737-747    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2020.211
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Research Progress and Prospect of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipeline Steel in Soil Environments
YU Deyuan1, LIU Zhiyong1, DU Cuiwei1, HUANG Hui2(), LIN Nan2
1.National Materials Corrosion & Protection Data Center, Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection of the Ministry of Education (MOE), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.China Special Equipment Inspection & Research Institute, Beijing 100029, China
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Abstract  

In this article, the research progress of the cracking mechanism of buried pipelines steel in external environment of the pipeline was firstly introduced. Then, the effect of various factors such as the material factors (alloying elements, microstructure, inclusions), environmental factors (applied potential, pH, temperature, corrosive ions), and stress factors (residual stress, load type, strain rate) on the SCC behavior and mechanism of pipeline steel was summarized in detail. After that, the development history of the relevant mechanisms of the two type pH SCC, namely high pH-SCC and near-neutral pH-SCC, have been in retrospect, it follows that the mechanism of the former is anodic dissolution (AD), but the latter is controlled by anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement (AD+HE). Next, the advancement and limitations of the classical prediction model for cracks growth rate of SCC were discussed. Finally, the future research direction for SCC of buried pipelines is prospected in terms of the shortcomings related with the current research, therefore, it is expected to provide reference for the development of advanced SCC-resistant pipeline steel.
Key words:  pipeline steel      stress corrosion cracking      soil environment     
Received:  26 November 2020     
ZTFLH:  TG174  
Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFF0210404)
Corresponding Authors:  HUANG Hui     E-mail:  huanghui@126.com
About author:  HUANG Hui, E-mail: huanghui@126.com
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Deyuan YU
Zhiyong LIU
Cuiwei DU
Hui HUANG
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YU Deyuan, LIU Zhiyong, DU Cuiwei, HUANG Hui, LIN Nan. Research Progress and Prospect of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipeline Steel in Soil Environments. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2021, 41(6): 737-747.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2020.211     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2021/V41/I6/737

Fig.1  A typical IGSCC case on the M12 line of the Australian natural gas gathering pipeline (a) Fractured remains of M12 gas gathering pipeline, (b) longitudinal cracks parallel to the section of M12 pipeline, (c) fracture surface shows the direction of crack propagation (arrow) and shear lip, (d) crack originating point both inside and outside nucleate the bottom and expand along the grain boundaries[3]
FactorHigh pH SCC (Classical)Near-neutral pH SCC (Non-classical)
LocationThe typical occurrence is within 20 km from the compression station, and the number of failures decreases with increasing distance from the compression station and decreasing temperature65 per cent occurred between the compressor station, 12 per cent occurred between the 1st and 2nd valves, 5 per cent occurred between the 2nd and 3rd valves, 18 per cent occurred downstream of the third valve
ElectrolyteConcentrated carbonate-bicarbonate solution with an alkaline pH greater than 9.3Dilute bicarbonate solution with a neutral pH in the range of 5.5 to 7.5
Electrochemicalpotential-600 to -750 mV (Cu/CuSO4) at room temperature, and as the temperature of the solution increases, the SCC susceptible potential range becomes widerAt free corrosion potential: -760 to -790 mV (Cu/CuSO4), where cathodic protection does not reach pipe surface at SCC sites
TemperatureGrowth rate decreases exponentially with temperature decreaseNo apparent correlation with temperature of pipe but appear to occur in the colder climates where CO2 concentration in groundwater is higher
Crack path and morphologyPrimarily intergranular, narrow, tight cracks with no evidence of secondary corrosion of the crack wallPrimarily transgranular (across the steel grains), wide cracks with evidence of substantial corrosion of crack side wall
Table 1  Comparison of two typical pH SCC characteristics of pipeline steel[7]
Fig.2  Influence of inclusions and microstructure in pipeline steel on the initiation and propagation of SCC microcracks: (a) crack nucleates and propagates along the interface between Al-rich inclusions in X70 steel and the substrate, (b) crack propagates along the interface between alumina and titanium oxide inclusions in X100 steel and the substrate, (c) crack propagates along the BF plate in X100 steel Strip propagation, (d) crack propagates near the interface between M/A island and substrate[30,32,39]
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