Microstructure and High-temperature Oxidation Performance of Laser-cladded Stellite Alloy Coating on 21CrMoV Steel

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.307

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (4): 1269-1278 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.307

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Microstructure and High-temperature Oxidation Performance of Laser-cladded Stellite Alloy Coating on 21CrMoV Steel

ZHOU Ji¹^,², SHUAI Ruohui¹^,², YANG Jikai¹^,², LOU Liyan¹^,²(

), LIU Yi³, LU Junhao⁴, CAI Zhihai⁵, WANG Haidou⁵, LI Chengxin³

^1.State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Molds, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
^2.Tianjin Key Laboratory of High Performance Precision Molding Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
^3.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
^4.Anhui Ma Steel Surface Technology Company, Ma'anshan 243021, China
^5.National Engineering Research Center for Mechanical Product Remanufacturing, Army Armored Force Academy, Beijing 100072, China

Cite this article:

ZHOU Ji, SHUAI Ruohui, YANG Jikai, LOU Liyan, LIU Yi, LU Junhao, CAI Zhihai, WANG Haidou, LI Chengxin. Microstructure and High-temperature Oxidation Performance of Laser-cladded Stellite Alloy Coating on 21CrMoV Steel. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(4): 1269-1278.

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Abstract

After long-term service in severe working conditions at high-temperature, the occurrence of damages such as surface pits and extensive spalling etc. caused by oxidation and pressures may significantly reduce the service life of the rolls. Herein, the stellite alloy coating was prepared on 21CrMoV steel, which is commonly adopted for making hot rolling rolls, via laser cladding technique aiming to address the shortcomings of the present hot-rolls. Then the microstructure, elemental distribution, and phase structure of the coating were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction. The microhardness distribution and high-temperature properties of the coating were also studied, correspondingly, the mechanisms related with strengthening and oxidation of the coating were clarified. The results show that the stellite coating is about 900 μm in thickness and is well bonded to the 21CrMoV substrate, without obvious cracks, pores, and other defects. It is mainly composed of γ-Co together with M₂₃C₆, M₇C₃ carbides. Under the synergistic effect of solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening, and grain refinement, the coating presents an average microhardness of 356.9HV_0.2, about 1.6 times that of the substrate. After oxidation at 1000 ℃ for 100 h, a continuous compact composite oxide scale, composed of an outer portion of MnCr₂O₄, a middle part of Cr₂O₃ and an inner part of SiO₂ was formed on the coating surface, which could effectively suppress the inward migration of oxygen and ensure the high-temperature service performance.

Key words: laser cladding coating Stellite alloy high-temperature oxidation microstructure

Received: 26 September 2025 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.307

ZTFLH:

TG174

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130509);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52205242);Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(22JCYBJC01650);Tianjin Education Committee Foundation(2020KJ108)

Corresponding Authors: LOU Liyan, E-mail: louly88@126.com

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	Articles by authors
	ZHOU Ji
	SHUAI Ruohui
	YANG Jikai
	LOU Liyan
	LIU Yi
	LU Junhao
	CAI Zhihai
	WANG Haidou
	LI Chengxin

URL:

https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.307 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2026/V46/I4/1269

Table 1 Chemical compositions of Stellite alloy powder and 21CrMoV steel

Fig.1 SEM morphology of Stellite alloy powders

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of high temperature oxidation test

Fig.3 Cross-section morphology (a) and EDS line scan analysis (b) of Stellite alloy coating

Fig.4 SEM morphology of microstructure of Stellite alloy coating

Fig.5 EPMA surface scanning results of Stellite alloy coating

Fig.6 XRD pattern of Stellite alloy coating

Fig.7 Cross-sectional microhardness distribution of Stellite alloy coating

Fig.8 Oxidation mass gain curves of 21CrMoV substrate and Stellite alloy coating at 1000 ℃ in air

Fig.9 Oxidation kinetics fitting curves of 21CrMoV substrate and Stellite alloy coating at 1000 ℃ in air

Fig.10 XRD pattern of Stellite alloy coating after oxidation at 1000 ℃ for 100 h

Fig.11 Surface morphologies of oxide film on Stellite alloy coating after oxidation at 1000 ℃ for 100 h

Fig.12 Cross-sectional SEM morphologies of oxide film (a) and EDS mapping (b) of Stellite alloy coating

Fig.13 Cross-sectional image of oxide film (a) and EDS line scan (b) of Stellite alloy coating

Table 2 Gibbs free energy of oxidation reaction at 1000 ℃

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of Stellite alloy coating oxidation process

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