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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2015, Vol. 35 Issue (6): 563-570    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2014.123
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Technology for Enhancing Durability of Structures of Sea-sand Concrete and Its Application
Jianghong MAO1,Weiliang JIN1,2(),Hua ZHANG2,Chen XU2,Jin XIA2
1. Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
2. Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Abstract  

As one type of typical nondestructive technique of life extension, bi-directional electro-migration (BIEM) can enhance the durability of concrete structures, which suffered from chloride attack. During the BIEM process, rust-inhibitor can be migrated inward to the surface of steel bar while the chloride can be extracted out of the concrete cover. This paper applied the BIEM technique to reinforced concrete slabs poured with sea sand and seawater. The results showed that the migration of rust-inhibitor and the extraction of chloride could be realized for the reinforcing bars located within a range of 12 cm from the lateral side of an electrolyte maintaining device. In accordance with the electron flux equivalent principle, the needed time and current density for realizing the practical engineering applications could be calculated from the measured voltage and safety voltage of concrete. A trial application of BIEM to several engineering concrete structures with sea sand proved that the ratio of organics content to the chloride concentration was far above 1.0. Consequently, both of the laboratory experiment and the engineering applicant indicated that BIEM technique could play an excellent role in chloride extraction and rust resistance, thus could act as an effective method for enhancing the durability of the existed sea sand containing structures.
Key words:  concrete      sea sand      bi-directional electro-migration rehabilitation      electro-chemical chloride removal      durability     
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Jianghong MAO
Weiliang JIN
Hua ZHANG
Chen XU
Jin XIA

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Jianghong MAO,Weiliang JIN,Hua ZHANG,Chen XU,Jin XIA. Technology for Enhancing Durability of Structures of Sea-sand Concrete and Its Application. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2015, 35(6): 563-570.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2014.123     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2015/V35/I6/563

Fig.1  Schematic diagram of BIEM
Fig.2  Laboratory layout of BIEM test: (a) electrolyte container, (b) control unit
Plate
number		 Device
number		 Steel bar number Section
area / m2
Main bar Stirrup
I 1 6 3 0.18
2 6 3 0.18
3 5 3 0.16
II 1 5 3 0.16
2 5 3 0.16
3 5 4 0.17
Table 1  Parameter settings of BIEM in laboratory tests
Fig.3  Evolutions of Cl- concentration in the electrolyte(method I)
Fig.4  Evolutions of concrete resistance (method II)
Fig.5  Distribution of sampling points for effect evaluation of BIEM
Fig.6  Cl- distribution in the covered area
Fig.7  Residual Cl- distribution outside plate: (a) between plate II-1 and plate II-2, (b) outside plate II-1
Position of
sampling point		 Inhibitors concentration Chloride concentration Ratio
(N/Cl-)
% mol/g % mol/g
Right 2.5 cm 0.016 2.770×10-6 0.013 3.662×10-6 0.76
Right 5.0 cm 0.013 2.395×10-6 0.021 5.775×10-6 0.41
Right 7.5 cm 0.012 2.195×10-6 0.024 6.732×10-6 0.33
Right 10.0 cm 0.012 2.089×10-6 0.029 8.085×10-6 0.26
Right 12.5 cm 0.010 1.822×10-6 0.024 6.789×10-6 0.27
Inside device 0.025 4.499×10-6 0.013 3.549×10-6 1.27
Left 2.5 cm 0.025 4.475×10-6 0.012 3.408×10-6 1.31
Left 10.0 cm 0.008 1.512×10-6 0.025 7.155×10-6 0.21
Left 12.5 cm 0.016 2.786×10-6 0.031 8.732×10-6 0.32
Table 2  Moving concentration of corrosion inhibitor after experiment
Position Steel bar number Section
area / m2
Main bar Stirrup
Column-1 3 4 0.1628
Column-2 3 4 0.1628
Wall-1 4 4 0.1929
Wall-2 3 4 0.1628
Wall-3 4 4 0.1929
Wall-4 3 3 0.1447
Table 3  Parameter settings of BIEM in practical engineering
Fig.8  Site layout of BIEM: (a) column, (b) shearingwall
Fig.9  Sampling points distribution on column
Distance from concrete surface / mm Position of sample point Cl- N N/Cl-
5 Inside of device 0.03 0.21 4.44
Outside of device 0.02 0.36 11.41
10 Inside of device 0.04 0.22 3.49
Outside of device 0.06 0.32 3.38
15 Inside of device 0.03 0.25 5.28
Outside of device 0.03 0.31 6.55
20 Inside of device 0.03 0.27 5.71
Outside of device 0.03 0.37 7.82
25 Inside of device 0.03 0.21 4.44
Outside of device 0.04 0.34 5.39
30 Inside of device --- --- ---
Outside of device 0.03 0.46 9.72
Table 4  Cl- and N concentrations determined at different positions after field application of BIEM
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