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中国腐蚀与防护学报  2026, Vol. 46 Issue (4): 1031-1044     CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.313      DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.313
  研究报告 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
静水压力对铸造与锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金应力腐蚀的影响差异研究
徐秋发1, 郭岳1, 刘骏2, 杨东3, 崔宇3()
1.北京宇航系统工程研究所 北京 050024
2.东北大学 数字钢铁全国重点实验室 沈阳 110819
3.中国科学院金属研究所 沈阳材料科学国家研究中心 沈阳 110016
Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Cast and Forged Ti-6Al-4V Alloys
XU Qiufa1, GUO Yue1, LIU Jun2, YANG Dong3, CUI Yu3()
1.Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering, Beijing 050024, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Digital Steel, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
3.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
引用本文:

徐秋发, 郭岳, 刘骏, 杨东, 崔宇. 静水压力对铸造与锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金应力腐蚀的影响差异研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(4): 1031-1044.
Qiufa XU, Yue GUO, Jun LIU, Dong YANG, Yu CUI. Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Cast and Forged Ti-6Al-4V Alloys[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(4): 1031-1044.

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摘要: 

利用慢应变速率拉伸试验结合电化学测试技术,比较研究了静水压力对铸造和锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金的应力腐蚀敏感性影响与电化学行为,并结合扫描电镜的EBSD技术对应力腐蚀机理进行分析和探讨。结果表明,在高静水压力和拉伸应力共同作用下两种钛合金钝化膜都会发生由致密向多孔态的转变,铸造钛合金的钝化膜质量和耐蚀性均低于锻造钛合金。高静水压下,拉伸产生的位错运动导致铸造Ti-6Al-4V合金的原始β晶界处出现应力集中,而偏析缺陷的存在导致该处钝化膜优先破损,枝晶处裂纹萌生并沿层间扩展,应力腐蚀敏感性高。锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金具有等轴的组织和相对致密的钝化膜,应力腐蚀敏感性则较低。

关键词 静水压力Ti-6Al-4V合金应力腐蚀铸造    
Abstract

The stress corrosion behavior of cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy, as an important engineering material of key structural components for deep-sea applications, in actual deep-sea conditions still remains unclear. In this study, the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the stress corrosion sensitivity and electrochemical behavior of the cast and forged Ti-6Al-4V alloys was comparatively studied by means of slow strain rate tensile testing and electrochemical testing techniques, scanning electron microscopy with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), etc. The results indicate that under the combined influence of high hydrostatic pressure and tensile stress, the transition of passivation films of both cast and forged Ti-alloys could occur from a dense structure gradually to a porous structure, thereby reducing their protectiveness. The coarse β-phase grain boundaries and defects in the cast Ti-alloy act as sites of weakness in the passivation film, which could significantly lower the compactness and corrosion resistance of the passivation film for the cast Ti-alloy. However, this effect was not observed in the forged Ti-alloy. The stress corrosion sensitivity of both types of Ti-6Al-4V alloys increases with hydrostatic pressure. In contrast, by the same hydrostatic pressure, the stress corrosion sensitivity of the cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy is higher than that of the forged Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Under high hydrostatic pressure, brittle fracture occurs for the cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and while ductile-brittle fracture for the forged Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Under high hydrostatic pressure, the applied tensile stress can induce dislocation motion, leading to stress concentration at the original β-phasegrain boundaries of the cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In fact, the existence of segregation defects can lead to the preferential damage of the passive film at those sites, and the cracks at the dendrites can initiate and propagate along the α/β phase interface in between the layers, and thus, the stress corrosion sensitivity is high. In contrast, the forged Ti-6Al-4V exhibits an equiaxed structure with a relatively dense passivation film, uniform deformation, and a strong ability of equiaxed crystals to resist crack propagation, thereby exhibiting relatively lower sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking.

Key wordshydrostatic pressure    Ti-6Al-4V alloy    stress corrosion    casting
收稿日期: 2025-10-10      32134.14.1005.4537.2025.313
ZTFLH:  TG174  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金联合基金(U22A20111);海洋关键材料重点实验室开放课题(2024K06)
通讯作者: 崔宇,E-mail:ycui@imr.ac.cn,研究方向为海洋苛刻环境金属腐蚀与防护
Corresponding author: CUI Yu, E-mail: ycui@imr.ac.cn
作者简介: 徐秋发,男,1987年生,博士生
图1  Ti-6Al-4V合金的金相组织形貌
图2  Ti-6Al-4V合金的慢应变速率拉伸力学性能
图3  Ti-6Al-4V合金在不同环境下的应力腐蚀敏感性
图4  铸造Ti-6Al-4V合金在不同环境下的拉伸断口形貌
图5  锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金在不同环境下的拉伸断口形貌
图6  Ti-6Al-4V合金在不同水压下断口韧窝的分形维数
图7  Ti-6Al-4V合金U型弯曲试样在不同静水压力下的开路电位
图8  Ti-6Al-4V合金U型弯曲试样在不同静水压力下的0.25 V恒电位极化曲线
图9  Ti-6Al-4V合金U型弯曲试样在不同静水压力下的EIS图和等效电路图
Pressure / MPat / minRs / Ω·cm2Ceff, dl / μF·cm-2ndlRct / Ω·cm2Ceff, f / μF·cm-2nfRf / Ω·cm2Σχ2
0.151.5251.70.75138870.50.901.85 × 1054.06 × 10-3
251.4941.90.77125472.60.893.75 × 1054.16 × 10-3
451.4938.10.78267575.40.885.08 × 1051.74 × 10-3
651.5035.50.79267576.00.886.20 × 1052.76 × 10-3
851.4332.70.78357867.10.905.62 × 1056.40 × 10-3
1051.6141.30.94107465.10.889.50 × 1046.56 × 10-3
251.6332.60.99129367.00.872.74 × 1054.71 × 10-3
451.6332.00.95113270.60.873.61 × 1058.33 × 10-3
651.6032.30.95127873.10.863.85 × 1058.41 × 10-3
851.6128.60.93150274.00.883.98 × 1059.05 × 10-3
2051.6623.40.8910624.80.855.54 × 1044.18 × 10-3
251.5735.80.955223.30.835.58 × 1048.49 × 10-3
451.6120.40.986720.10.853.51 × 1042.87 × 10-3
651.5820.10.987219.90.853.48 × 1046.62 × 10-3
851.6115.90.9112518.70.873.32 × 1047.71 × 10-3
表1  U弯铸态Ti-6Al-4V合金试样在不同静水压力下的EIS的拟合结果
Pressure / MPat / minRs / Ω·cm2Ceff, dl / μF·cm-2ndlRct / Ω·cm2Ceff, f / μF·cm-2nfRf / Ω·cm2Σχ2
0.152.9411.70.92332030.40.966.85 × 1053.74 × 10 -3
252.8534.90.91265420.70.939.18 × 1057.13 × 10 -3
452.1211.30.92305511.70.929.78 × 1052.35 × 10 -3
652.1111.30.9238249.70.921.03 × 1062.23 × 10 -3
852.868.30.92630249.30.951.15 × 1062.32 × 10 -3
2051.3423.30.87222737.80.706.88 × 1046.30 × 10 -3
251.3518.80.89181349.60.761.05 × 1051.50 × 10 -3
451.3814.40.91148571.60.791.18 × 1051.63 × 10 -3
651.3616.40.90245760.90.781.49 × 1053.87 × 10 -3
851.3616.00.90252374.10.802.05 × 1051.49 × 10 -3
表2  U弯锻态Ti-6Al-4V合金试样在不同静水压力下的EIS的拟合结果
图10  Ti-6Al-4V合金U型弯曲试样在不同静水压力下的动电位极化曲线
图11  Ti-6Al-4V合金在20 MPa静水压力下慢拉伸断口EBSD的IPF结果
图12  Ti-6Al-4V合金在20 MPa静水压力下慢拉伸断口EBSD的KAM和GB结果
图13  Ti-6Al-4V合金U型弯曲试样在不同静水压力下的Rf变化曲线和比值结果
图14  铸造Ti-6Al-4V合金在20 MPa静水压力下的应力腐蚀开裂机制示意图
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