静水压力对铸造与锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金应力腐蚀的影响差异研究

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.313

中国腐蚀与防护学报 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.313

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静水压力对铸造与锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金应力腐蚀的影响差异研究

徐秋发¹,郭岳¹,刘骏²,杨东³,崔宇³

1. 北京宇航系统工程研究所
2. 东北大学
3. 中国科学院金属研究所

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on stress corrosion cracking of cast and forged Ti-6Al-4V alloy

引用本文:

徐秋发郭岳刘骏杨东崔宇. 静水压力对铸造与锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金应力腐蚀的影响差异研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.313.

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摘要: 利用慢应变速率拉伸试验结合电化学测试技术，研究了静水压力对铸造和锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金的应力腐蚀敏感性影响与电化学行为的差异，并结合扫描电镜的EBSD技术对应力腐蚀机理进行分析和探讨。研究结果表明，在高水压力和拉伸应力共同作用下两种成型方式的钛合金钝化膜都是由致密向多孔转变，铸造钛合金的钝化膜质量和耐蚀性均低于锻造钛合金。高水压下，拉伸产生的位错运动使得铸造Ti-6Al-4V的原始β晶界处应力集中，偏析缺陷的存在导致该处钝化膜优先破损，枝晶处裂纹萌生并沿层间扩展，应力腐蚀敏感性高。锻造Ti-6Al-4V具有等轴的组织和相对致密的钝化膜，应力腐蚀敏感性较低。

关键词 ：静水压力, Ti-6Al-4V, 应力腐蚀, 铸造

Abstract：The stress corrosion behavior of cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy, a key structural component for deep-sea applications, remains unclear under actual deep-sea conditions. In this study, the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the stress corrosion sensitivity and electrochemical behavior of cast and forged Ti-6Al-4V alloys were studied by slow strain rate tensile testing and electrochemical testing techniques. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis via scanning electron microscopy was employed to elucidate the stress corrosion mechanism. The results indicate that under the combined influence of high hydrostatic pressure and tensile stress, the passivation films of both cast and forged titanium alloys transition from a dense to a porous structure, and the corrosion resistance is reduced.The coarse β grain boundaries and casting defects in the cast titanium alloy act as weaknesses in the passivation film, and the compactness and corrosion resistance of the passivation film are lower than those of the forged titanium alloy. The stress corrosion sensitivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with two forming methods increases with the increase of hydrostatic pressure. Under the same water pressure, the stress corrosion sensitivity of cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy is higher than that of forged Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Under high water pressure, brittle fracture occurs in cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and ductile-brittle fracture occurs in forged Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Under high hydrostatic pressure, tensile stress induces dislocation motion, leading to stress concentration at the original β grain boundaries of the cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy.The existence of segregation defects leads to the preferential damage of the passive film at this place, and the cracks at the dendrites initiate and propagate along the ɑ/β phase interface between the layers, and the stress corrosion sensitivity is high. In contrast, forged Ti-6Al-4V alloy exhibits an equiaxed structure with a relatively dense passivation film, uniform deformation, and a strong ability of equiaxed crystals to resist crack propagation, thereby exhibiting relatively low stress corrosion sensitivity.

Key words： hydrostatic pressure, Ti-6Al-4V, stress corrosion, casting

收稿日期: 2025-10-10

基金资助:国家自然科学基金联合基金项目;海洋关键材料重点实验室开放课题

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