激光清洗对不锈钢表面耐腐蚀性能的影响

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.294

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (4): 1227-1237 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.294 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.294

研究报告

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激光清洗对不锈钢表面耐腐蚀性能的影响

陆海峰¹^,²^,³(

), 缪强¹, 梁文萍¹, 姚志猛⁴, 魏少翀²^,³, 陈国星²^,³

^1.南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院南京 211106
^2.中广核智造科技(苏州)有限公司苏州 215129
^3.苏州热工研究院有限公司苏州 215004
^4.阳江核电有限公司阳江 529500

Effect of Laser Surface Cleaning on Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel

LU Haifeng¹^,²^,³(

), MIAO Qiang¹, LIANG Wenping¹, YAO Zhimeng⁴, WEI Shaochong²^,³, CHEN Guoxing²^,³

^1.College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
^2.CGN Intelligent Manufacturing Technology (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215129, China
^3.Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215004, China
^4.Yangjiang Nuclear Power Co. Ltd., Yangjiang, Yangjiang 529500, China

引用本文:

陆海峰, 缪强, 梁文萍, 姚志猛, 魏少翀, 陈国星. 激光清洗对不锈钢表面耐腐蚀性能的影响[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(4): 1227-1237.
Haifeng LU, Qiang MIAO, Wenping LIANG, Zhimeng YAO, Shaochong WEI, Guoxing CHEN. Effect of Laser Surface Cleaning on Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(4): 1227-1237.

全文: PDF(25027 KB) HTML

摘要:

激光清洗作为核电站放射性去污领域的一项新兴技术，亟待系统研究金属构件在清洗后的腐蚀行为。本文基于自研的激光清洗设备，采用高、低功率对304不锈钢材料进行激光清洗，表征了清洗前后试样的表面形貌、粗糙度及元素成分，综合运用电化学、点蚀、晶间腐蚀及高温高压应力腐蚀等检测方法，揭示了激光清洗功率对不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响规律。结果表明，升高激光功率，试样表面的氧含量及粗糙度增加；经高功率激光清洗后，钢耐点蚀性能较低功率者有所提升。相比未清洗的钢，高功率激光清洗后其自腐蚀电位升高，电流密度降低，电化学阻抗谱相关电阻增大，耐腐蚀性最优。晶间腐蚀实验结果显示，激光清洗后的钢未出现裂纹等缺陷。在U型弯曲试样拉应力和高温高压硼酸强腐蚀协同作用下，激光清洗后钢表面出现腐蚀裂纹萌生并逐渐向内扩展现象。这些腐蚀实验表明激光清洗对304不锈钢表面的抗腐蚀性能在不同服役环境下产生不同的影响。

关键词 ：激光清洗, 电化学, 点蚀, 晶间腐蚀, 应力腐蚀

Abstract：

As an emerging technology in the field of radioactive decontamination of nuclear power plants, laser cleaning is in urgent need of systematic research on the corrosion behavior of metal components after cleaning. In this study, with a home-made laser cleaning equipment, 304 stainless steel was subjected to laser cleaning by applied high and low power levels. The surface morphology, roughness, and elemental composition of the steel before and after cleaning were systematically characterized. Then influence of laser cleaning power on the corrosion resistance of stainless steel via a comprehensive suite of corrosion performance testing methods, including electrochemical measurement, pitting corrosion and intergranular corrosion, as well as high-temperature and high-pressure stress corrosion tests. The results show that the oxygen content and roughness of the test steel surface increase with the increase of laser cleaning power. The pitting corrosion resistance of the steel after high power laser cleaning is improved compared with that of the low power cleaned ones. Compared with the uncleaned steel, the high-power laser-cleaned ones exhibit an increased free-corrosion potential, a decreased current density, and increased EIS-related resistances, thus showing the optimal corrosion resistance. The results of intergranular corrosion test show that no corrosion induced defects such as cracks are observed on the steel surface after laser cleaning. Under the synergistic effect of the tensile stress and the strong corrosive high temperature/pressure boric acid medium, the corrosion crack initiation and gradual inward expansion occurred on the surface of the U-shaped bending steel after laser cleaning. These corrosion tests show that laser cleaning has different effects on the corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel surface even under the same service environment.

Key words： laser cleaning electrochemical pitting corrosion intergranular corrosion stress corrosion

收稿日期: 2025-09-16 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.294

ZTFLH:

TG174

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52272065)

通讯作者: 陆海峰，E-mail：haifenglu1992@163.com，研究方向为放射性去污、表面工程等技术研发

Corresponding author: LU Haifeng, E-mail: haifenglu1992@163.com

作者简介: 陆海峰，男，1992年生，硕士，高级工程师

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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.294 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2026/V46/I4/1227

图1 激光清洗前后试样表面微观形貌

图2 激光清洗前后试样表面三维形貌及轮廓曲线

图3 激光清洗前后试样表面SEM形貌和EDS成分分析结果

图4 激光清洗前后试样点蚀宏观形貌

图5 点蚀坑三维形貌及轮廓曲线

图6 激光清洗前后试样极化曲线

表1 激光清洗前后试样的极化曲线拟合结果

图7 激光清洗前后试样EIS测试数据及其对应的等效电路图

表2 对EIS谱进行的等效电路拟合结果

图8 晶间腐蚀试样表面宏观及截面微观形貌

图9 高温高压应力腐蚀试样截面金相和SEM形貌图

图10 高温高压应力腐蚀试样截面元素面分布

图11 高温高压应力腐蚀试样能谱分析选定区域

表3 图11中标记位置处EDS成分分析结果 (mass fraction / %)

图12 304不锈钢激光清洗影响示意图

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