海洋环境下钢筋混凝土桩基的腐蚀与阴极保护特征分析

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.091

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (1): 273-282 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.091 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.091

研究报告

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海洋环境下钢筋混凝土桩基的腐蚀与阴极保护特征分析

庄宁¹, 曾易¹, 欧阳正平²(

), 许金荣³, 李翰泽⁴, 宋霄锟⁵, 王亚洲¹

^1.河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院南京 210024
^2.海南省生态环境地质调查院海口 570206
^3.中电建路桥集团有限公司北京 100037
^4.浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) 杭州 310002
^5.中建八局西北公司西安 710000

Analysis of Corrosion and Cathodic Protection Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Pile in Simulated Marine Environments

ZHUANG Ning¹, ZENG Yi¹, OUYANG Zhengping²(

), XU Jinrong³, LI Hanze⁴, SONG Xiaokun⁵, WANG Yazhou¹

^1.College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
^2.Hainan Institute of Eco-Environmental Geological Survey, Haikou 570206, China
^3.Power China Road Bridge Group Corporation Limited, Beijing 100037, China
^4.Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou 310002, China
^5.China Construction Eighth Engineering Bureau Northwest Company, Xi'an 710000, China

引用本文:

庄宁, 曾易, 欧阳正平, 许金荣, 李翰泽, 宋霄锟, 王亚洲. 海洋环境下钢筋混凝土桩基的腐蚀与阴极保护特征分析[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(1): 273-282.
Ning ZHUANG, Yi ZENG, Zhengping OUYANG, Jinrong XU, Hanze LI, Xiaokun SONG, Yazhou WANG. Analysis of Corrosion and Cathodic Protection Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Pile in Simulated Marine Environments[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(1): 273-282.

全文: PDF(7650 KB) HTML

摘要:

将钢筋混凝土桩置于室内海洋环境模拟系统，通电加速锈蚀使其达到5%、10%和15%的理论锈蚀率，随后在桩基的干湿区包裹纤维编织网增强混凝土(TRC)，并施加电流对钢筋进行为期90 d的阴极保护。实验过程中采集桩基表面的裂纹形貌并计算分形维数，测试桩基不同高度处的极化电阻与电化学阻抗谱。结果表明，分形维数、极化电阻及Nyquist图中的低频区容抗弧半径和Bode图中的低频区相位角均随锈蚀进程和保护时间而规律性变化。提出合理的等效电路，量化得到混凝土电阻和电荷转移电阻。研究结果为海洋环境中桩基锈蚀状态与阴极保护效果的评估与监测提供参考。

关键词 ：海工混凝土, 锈蚀状态, 阴极保护, 分形维数, 线性极化, 电化学阻抗谱

Abstract：

Reinforced concrete piles were prepared and placed in an indoor marine environment simulation set, which then were subjected to applied electric accelerated corrosion so that to be corroded up to 5%, 10%, and 15% of the mean corrosion degree derived theoretically respectively. Subsequently, textile reinforced concrete (TRC) was wrapped around the tidal zone of the piles, and electric current was applied to provide cathodic protection to the steel bars for 90 days in the indoor marine environment simulation set. Along with the corrosion process, by different corrosion degrees and cathodic protection times, the cracking propagation of the concrete surface was acquired to calculate the fractal dimension, and the variations of polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies were detected. The results indicate that the fractal dimension, the polarization resistance R_p, the low-frequency capacitance arc radius in the Nyquist plot, and the low-frequency phase angle in the Bode plot all change regularly with the corrosion process. Specifically, corresponding to 15% corrosion degree, the fractal dimensions of the atmospheric zone, tidal zone, and underwater zone were 1.206, 1.317, and 1.381 respectively. After 90 d, the values in the atmospheric zone and underwater zone were 1.235 and 1.391, respectively. At the same time, the R_p values in each zone increased by 41.51% (atmospheric zone), 44.90% (tidal zone), and 49.39% (underwater zone) compared to those without applied cathodic protection. A reasonable equivalent circuit was further proposed to quantify the variation patterns of concrete resistance (R_con) and charge transfer resistance (R_ct). After 90 d of cathodic protection, the R_ct values in the atmospheric zone, tidal zone, and underwater zone showed average increases of 548%, 506%, and 300%, respectively. The findings provide reference for the evaluation and monitoring of the corrosion status and cathodic protection effect of pile foundations in marine environments.

Key words： marine concrete corrosion status cathodic protection fractal dimension linear polarization electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

收稿日期: 2025-03-18 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.091

ZTFLH:

TV332

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51379073)

通讯作者: 欧阳正平，E-mail：13976244080@163.com，研究方向为海岸带资源与环境

作者简介: 庄宁，男，1978年生，博士，教授

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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.091 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2026/V46/I1/273

图1 RC试件尺寸及钢筋加固示意图

图2 海洋环境模拟系统示意图

图3 粘贴TRC保护材料的施工流程与示意图

图4 电化学测试示意图

图5 锈蚀与阴极保护阶段的裂纹拓展

图6 锈蚀与阴极保护阶段的分形维数

图7 不同阶段不同高度处的Rp

图8 RC桩在加速锈蚀阶段的EIS谱图

图9 RC桩在阴极保护阶段的EIS谱图

图10 用于EIS数据拟合的等效电路

图11 在腐蚀和阴极保护阶段不同高度处的Rcon和Rct

Test stage	Test time	Elevation / cm	R_s / Ω·cm²	R_con / Ω·cm²	CPE_c / S·sec ⁿ ·cm^-2	n₁	R_ct / Ω·cm²	CPE_dl / S·sec ⁿ ·cm^-2	n₂	χ²
Corrosion stage	33 d	15	66.3	166.5	6.32 × 10^-4	0.19	1398.2	3.79 × 10^-3	0.73	2.22 × 10^-2
	(5%)	25	45.8	198.6	9.86 × 10^-4	0.24	1565.6	6.84 × 10^-3	0.85	1.56 × 10^-2
		35	59.4	322.2	5.09 × 10^-4	0.14	1213.4	2.65 × 10^-3	0.71	5.64 × 10^-2
		45	126.7	159.4	1.67 × 10^-4	0.36	721.5	2.96 × 10^-3	0.72	3.37 × 10^-2
		55	137.2	302.0	1.12 × 10^-4	0.37	821.2	3.04 × 10^-3	0.75	9.63 × 10^-2
		65	63.4	368.6	8.79 × 10^-5	0.21	926.2	3.31 × 10^-3	0.78	2.28 × 10^-2
		75	75.6	565.7	3.46 × 10^-4	0.13	924.8	3.12 × 10^-3	0.72	3.05 × 10^-2
	65 d	15	64.4	120.3	4.93 × 10^-3	0.13	613.2	3.15 × 10^-3	0.83	2.66 × 10^-2
	(10%)	25	97.6	130.6	5.52 × 10^-4	0.25	774.3	3.21 × 10^-3	0.64	2.72 × 10^-2
		35	122.8	264.5	3.89 × 10^-5	0.42	633.4	2.57 × 10^-3	0.77	2.58 × 10^-2
		45	101.2	153.1	6.76 × 10^-5	0.46	622.1	3.62 × 10^-3	0.62	2.35 × 10^-2
		55	141.3	192.8	4.67 × 10^-5	0.44	714.2	3.39 × 10^-3	0.72	6.46 × 10^-3
		65	65.1	341.6	4.23 × 10^-4	0.15	476.9	3.86 × 10^-3	0.79	2.63 × 10^-2
		75	77.5	484.9	1.39 × 10^-4	0.19	602.2	3.65 × 10^-3	0.73	6.80 × 10^-3
	98 d	15	52.3	62.5	3.46 × 10^-5	0.52	355.2	2.71 × 10^-3	0.75	4.12 × 10^-2
	(15%)	25	65.6	65.4	9.21 × 10^-5	0.44	355.8	3.43 × 10^-3	0.72	3.64 × 10^-2
		35	124.4	125.8	4.15 × 10^-5	0.50	413.3	3.57 × 10^-3	0.76	3.57 × 10^-2
		45	138.9	147.2	8.30 × 10^-5	0.42	332.4	3.32 × 10^-3	0.63	4.32 × 10^-2
		55	158.0	171.6	4.79 × 10^-5	0.49	357.5	3.71 × 10^-3	0.64	3.47 × 10^-2
		65	69.7	264.0	2.64 × 10^-4	0.16	337.3	4.56 × 10^-3	0.76	1.65 × 10^-2
		75	71.5	341.0	1.67 × 10^-4	0.18	483.9	3.85 × 10^-3	0.62	1.77 × 10^-2
Cathodic protection	30 d	15	50.4	132.7	7.79 × 10^-6	0.59	475.8	3.43 × 10^-3	0.69	6.13 × 10^-2
stage		25	61.6	132.3	3.11 × 10^-5	0.46	469.1	3.47 × 10^-3	0.60	4.35 × 10^-2
		35	100.1	564.5	5.98 × 10^-5	0.43	453.2	3.85 × 10^-3	0.76	4.97 × 10^-2
		45	114.5	537.6	1.02 × 10^-4	0.42	485.7	3.89 × 10^-3	0.77	3.70 × 10^-2
		55	141.7	509.1	6.43 × 10^-6	0.66	322.5	9.15 × 10^-4	0.43	4.53 × 10^-2
		65	54.8	120.9	7.26 × 10^-5	0.48	304.6	3.90 × 10^-3	0.77	5.76 × 10^-2
		75	45.6	396.7	1.98 × 10^-4	0.17	682.3	4.31 × 10^-3	0.84	3.35 × 10^-2
	60 d	15	66.4	185.5	9.56 × 10^-6	0.58	654.7	2.05 × 10^-3	0.67	6.88 × 10^-2
		25	72.6	264.2	9.89 × 10^-5	0.36	1383.4	2.10 × 10^-4	0.75	6.73 × 10^-2
		35	135.4	543.5	3.10 × 10^-5	0.45	1002.1	2.18 × 10^-3	0.72	6.26 × 10^-2
		45	158.5	589.8	1.90 × 10^-5	0.51	1033.3	2.03 × 10^-3	0.78	7.64 × 10^-2
		55	159.3	580.4	1.58 × 10^-4	0.44	1388.2	5.49 × 10^-3	0.77	2.48 × 10^-2
		65	91.9	237.5	1.45 × 10^-5	0.57	785.8	1.33 × 10^-3	0.79	3.01 × 10^-2
		75	60.0	305.1	2.85 × 10^-4	0.15	1067.9	3.67 × 10^-3	0.86	3.34 × 10^-2
	90 d	15	51.7	227.2	1.01 × 10^-4	0.39	995.6	2.48 × 10^-3	0.67	6.69 × 10^-2
		25	86.2	130.6	3.72 × 10^-6	0.68	1134.2	1.02 × 10^-3	0.52	1.16 × 10^-2
		35	130.5	603.2	1.32 × 10^-5	0.52	1644.9	1.12 × 10^-3	0.65	1.53 × 10^-2
		45	136.6	574.9	1.74 × 10^-4	0.24	1795.4	2.09 × 10^-3	0.79	4.36 × 10^-2
		55	139.3	551.5	1.09 × 10^-4	0.32	2144.2	1.87 × 10^-3	0.54	5.75 × 10^-2
		65	71.5	125.0	6.92 × 10^-5	0.45	2411.5	2.13 × 10^-3	0.77	2.78 × 10^-2
		75	50.9	313.6	6.91 × 10^-5	0.20	2089.2	1.65 × 10^-3	0.73	4.21 × 10^-2

表1 RC桩阻抗谱数据的拟合结果

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