锌离子电池的锌金属负极和电解液的研究进展

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2024.110

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2025, Vol. 45

Issue (3): 548-562 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.110 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.110

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锌离子电池的锌金属负极和电解液的研究进展

郑微, 曲冬阳, 孙中辉(

), 牛利(

)

广州大学分析科学技术研究中心广州 510006

Research Progress of Zinc Ion Batteries in Zinc Metal Electrodes and Electrolytes

ZHENG Wei, QU Dongyang, SUN Zhonghui(

), NIU Li(

)

Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

引用本文:

郑微, 曲冬阳, 孙中辉, 牛利. 锌离子电池的锌金属负极和电解液的研究进展[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(3): 548-562.
Wei ZHENG, Dongyang QU, Zhonghui SUN, Li NIU. Research Progress of Zinc Ion Batteries in Zinc Metal Electrodes and Electrolytes[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(3): 548-562.

全文: PDF(19971 KB) HTML

摘要:

水系锌离子电池作为一种二次电池，具有安全性好、成本低和能量密度高等优点，有望成为下一代能量存储系统的替代者。作为一种有前景的能量存储装置，水系锌离子电池在众多研究领域都取得了重大进展。但是，锌金属负极的腐蚀问题仍是阻碍其发展的关键因素，这严重削弱了锌离子电池在实际应用中的稳定性和使用寿命。因此，研究如何防止锌金属负极的腐蚀具有极大的应用价值。本文系统总结了水系锌离子电池关于锌金属负极腐蚀防护和电解液优化方面的研究进展，并对其未来进一步的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词 ：锌离子电池, 锌金属负极, 电解液, 腐蚀防护

Abstract：

As a secondary battery, aqueous zinc-ion battery has advantages of good safety, low cost and high energy density, and is expected to become a substitute candidate for the next generation of energy storage systems. As a promising energy storage device, aqueous zinc-ion batteries have made major breakthroughs in many research fields. However, the corrosion of zinc metal anode is still a key factor hindering its development, which seriously weakens the stability and service life of zinc-ion batteries in practical applications. Therefore, it is of great application value to study how to prevent the corrosion of zinc metal anode. In this paper, the corrosion protection strategies and research progress for zinc metal anode and electrolyte in aqueous zinc-ion batteries are systematically summarized, and the further application prospect is prospected.

Key words： zinc-ion battery zinc metal anodes electrolyte corrosion protection

收稿日期: 2024-04-02 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.110

ZTFLH:

TG174

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(22204028);全国大学生创新创业训练项目(202411078017)

通讯作者: 孙中辉，E-mail：cczhsun@gzhu.edu.cn，研究方向为金属腐蚀与防护; 牛利，E-mail：lniu@gzhu.edu.cn，研究方向为材料电化学

Corresponding author: SUN Zhonghui, E-mail: cczhsun@gzhu.edu.cn; NIU Li, E-mail: lniu@gzhu.edu.cn

作者简介: 郑微，女，2003年生，本科生

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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2024.110 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2025/V45/I3/548

图1 裸Zn和Cu@Zn电极的锌沉积过程示意图[20]

图2 Zn在ZnIn电极上的沉积行为示意图[21]

图3 负极的原理图：Tar-Zn的合成过程以及裸Zn和Tar-Zn在电解质中的行为[24]

图4 裸Zn和Ti4O7@Zn上Zn2+还原过程以及Ti4O7和Ti9O17的合成工艺与Ti4O7@Zn电极制备示意图，模拟计算的裸Zn和Ti4O7@Zn上不同时间的浓度和电流密度分布[25]

图5 FG@Zn和裸Zn在水溶液中的静止和循环过程示意图[26]

图6 裸Zn和涂覆Zn的示意图，表明PA层在抑制副反应中的作用[28]

图7 502胶保护层制备及其抑制锌枝晶机理的示意图[29]

图8 超声波喷雾以及裸Zn和Nafion/BM@Zn上锌沉积过程的示意图[35]

表1 各种涂层材料性能总结

图9 含与不含Et2O添加剂的温和水溶液中锌负极剥离-施镀循环过程中形貌演变示意图[54]

图10 添加0、0.5%、1.0%、5.0% (质量分数) Cit的2 mol/L ZnSO4电解质的FTIR光谱以及Cit/ZnSO4电解质的MD模拟快照和水合Zn2+的局部溶剂化结构[57]

图11 柔性的ZIBs可以在各种动态变形下为LED灯供电，包括挤压、折叠、弯曲、锤击和扭曲[58]

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