寒带海洋环境下金属材料腐蚀与防护研究进展

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.208

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (3): 629-640 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.208 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.208

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寒带海洋环境下金属材料腐蚀与防护研究进展

李亮¹, 殷文昌¹, 郜阿旺¹, 韩小乐²(

), 杨延格²

^1.中国人民解放军92228部队北京 100072
^2.中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016

Research Progress on Corrosion and Protection of Metallic Materials in Polar Marine Environments

LI Liang¹, YIN Wenchang¹, GAO Awang¹, HAN Xiaole²(

), YANG Yange²

^1.Unit 92228, People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100072, China
^2.Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

李亮, 殷文昌, 郜阿旺, 韩小乐, 杨延格. 寒带海洋环境下金属材料腐蚀与防护研究进展[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(3): 629-640.
Liang LI, Wenchang YIN, Awang GAO, Xiaole HAN, Yange YANG. Research Progress on Corrosion and Protection of Metallic Materials in Polar Marine Environments[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(3): 629-640.

全文: PDF(5109 KB) HTML

摘要:

寒带海洋具有低温、强紫外线、冰雪冻融循环和电化学环境复杂等特点，对海洋工程材料提出了更高的耐腐蚀与防护要求。本文介绍了Fe、Al、Cu、Zn及其合金在寒带海洋大气和海水环境下的腐蚀和防护研究进展，重点分析了低温、大气污染物、紫外辐射、寒带海洋微生物作用下金属材料的腐蚀机制，并从涂层防护技术、牺牲阳极合金设计及金属表面改性技术3个方面介绍了南极和北极地区金属材料的腐蚀防护研究进展。最后，结合寒带海洋环境下金属材料腐蚀与防护研究中所面临的问题及发展趋势，对未来寒带海洋环境金属材料腐蚀与防护研究工作进行展望。

关键词 ：寒带海洋环境, 低温, 金属材料, 腐蚀与防护

Abstract：

The requirements of corrosion protection for marine engineering materials are relatively high in the polar marine environments due to its low temperature, strong ultraviolet radiation, freeze-thaw cycles, and complex electrochemical environment. This review paper introduces the current research progress on corrosion and protection of Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, and their alloys in the cold-temperate marine atmosphere and seawater environments. It focuses on analyzing the corrosion mechanism of metallic materials in conditions of low temperature, atmospheric pollutants, ultraviolet radiation, and the effect of cold-temperate marine microorganisms. Moreover, it introduces the research progress in corrosion protection of metallic materials in Antarctic and Arctic regions from three aspects: coating protection technology, sacrificial anode alloy design, and metal surface modification technology. Finally, future research on the corrosion and protection of metals in polar marine environments is proposed based on the problems and development trends encountered in the research on the corrosion and protection of metallic materials in the polar marine environments.

Key words： polar marine environment low temperature metals corrosion and protection

收稿日期: 2025-07-01 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.208

ZTFLH:

TG174

通讯作者: 韩小乐，E-mail：xlhan@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为金属材料的氢损伤、海洋腐蚀与防护

Corresponding author: HAN Xiaole, E-mail: xlhan@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 李亮，男，1990年生，工程师

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表1 金属材料在寒带大气环境中的腐蚀速率[21,22]

图1 经过-80 ℃深冷和25 ℃未深冷处理后EH40钢浸泡3 d后的SEM像和腐蚀速率[25]

图2 南极海洋大气环境下铝表面的腐蚀特征[21]

图3 Q235钢在南极大气环境下暴露1 a后表面形貌及腐蚀产物XRD图[30]

图4 在黑暗和紫外线照射下EH36钢和Q235钢的腐蚀速率变化[33,34]

图5 锌连接和不连接316L不锈钢后在-23 ℃下3.5%NaCl中腐蚀后EDS分析[42]

图6 EH40钢在实验溶液中浸泡30 d后点蚀坑的光学轮廓图及失重速率图[46]

图7 根据ISO 20340标准进行4200 h耐老化测试后样品划痕处的平均锈蚀扩展[55]

图8 Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti-Ga-Mn牺牲阳极表面微区电位分布[77]

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