Influence of Acid Pickling on Morphology, Optical Parameters and Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2021.052

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2021, Vol. 41

Issue (4): 461-468 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2021.052

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Influence of Acid Pickling on Morphology, Optical Parameters and Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel

YI Guanghui, ZHENG Dajiang, SONG Guangling(

)

College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

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Abstract

Acid pickling is an essential procedure in manufacturing stainless steel products. However, inappropriate operation may result in some defects on the product surfaces. To understand the pickling effect, the morphology and corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel were assessed by means of laser confocal microscopy (LSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), potentialdynamic polarization (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Mott-Schottky (MS) and ellipsometry (ES). The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel in 3.5%NaCl solution was improved after pickling, but pitting corrosion was found on the surface of 316L stainless steel if the steel was over-pickled. The enhancement of the corrosion resistance could be due to the formation of Cr₂O₃-riched passivation film on the surface after pickling. The pitting corrosion initiated from the pores in the passive film, which was formed after extended immersion in pickling acid. A pickling solution droplet remaining on the surface led to a thicker passive film formed locally, which had different optical reflection, and was displayed as a macroscopic white spot on the surface.

Key words: 316L stainless steel acid pickling white spot electrochemistry ellipsometry

Received: 16 March 2021

ZTFLH:

TG174

Corresponding Authors: SONG Guangling E-mail: guangling.song@hotmail.com

About author: SONG Guangling, E-mail: guangling.song@hotmail.com

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YI Guanghui, ZHENG Dajiang, SONG Guangling. Influence of Acid Pickling on Morphology, Optical Parameters and Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2021, 41(4): 461-468.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2021.052 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2021/V41/I4/461

Fig.1 Local areas after different pickling times on a 316L stainless steel surface

Fig.2 Potentialdynamic polarization curves of 316L stainless steel coupons after different pickling time

Table 2 Fitting parameters of the EIS results of the samples in 3.5%NaCl solution.

Fig.3 Nyquist plot of 316L stainless steel coupons after different pickling time

Table 1 Corrosion parameters of the polarization curves of 316L stainless steel coupons after different pickling time

Fig.4 |Z|-Frequency plot (a) and phase-frequency plot (b) of 316L stainless steel coupons after different pickling time

Fig.5 Optical miscropic surface morphologies of 316L stainless steel coupons after 0 min (a), 10 min (b), 20 min (c), 30 min (d), 40 min (e) and 50 min (f) pickling

Fig.6 Surface roughness of 316L stainless steel coupons after different pickling time

Fig.7 SEM microscopic morphologies of 316L stainless steel coupons after 0 min (a), 10 min (b), 20 min (c), 30 min (d), 40 min (e) and 50 min (f) pickling

Fig.8 AFM microscopic morphologies of 316L stainless steel coupons after 0 min (a), 10 min (b), 20 min (c), 30 min (d), 40 min (e) and 50 min (f) pickling

Fig.9 XPS spectra of 316L stainless steel surface after different pickling time: (a) Fe2p_3/2, (b) Cr2p_3/2

Table 3 Surface oxide composition of 316L stainless steel coupons after different pickling time (atomic fraction / %)

Fig.10 Passivation film thickness of 316L stainless steel surface after different pickling time

Pickling time / min	n / (error%)	k / (error%)	ε₁ / (error%)	ε₂ / (error%)	\|ε\| ( $ε 12 + ε 22$ )
0	1.54 (0.65%)	3.10 (0.47%)	-7.23 (0.96%)	9.58 (1.05%)	12.00
10	1.80 (0.76%)	3.43 (0.15%)	-8.56 (0.24%)	12.34 (0.91%)	15.02
20	1.96 (0.48%)	3.69 (0.23%)	-9.81 (0.61%)	14.46 (0.60%)	17.47
30	1.98 (0.63%)	3.67 (0.11%)	-9.50 (0.29%)	14.55 (0.73%)	17.37
40	1.93 (0.69%)	3.70 (0.14%)	-9.97 (0.54%)	14.26 (0.75%)	17.40
50	1.94 (0.60%)	3.70 (0.15%)	-9.95 (0.66%)	14.34 (0.59%)	17.45

Table 4 Optical and dielectric constants of 316L stainless steel samples after different pickling time: (obtained at wavelength 589 nm)

Fig.11 Mott-Schottky plot of 316L stainless steel coupons with different pickling time

Table 5 Flat-band potential, donor density and acceptor density of 316L stainless steel samples after different pickling time

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