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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2025, Vol. 45 Issue (5): 1399-1407    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.365
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Pulsed Current Electrodeposition Preparation and Performance of Ag/AgCl Electrode as Chloride Ion Monitoring Electrodes for Concrete
FENG Xingguo, ZHOU Qiyan, HE Aocheng, XIAO Tang, QU Zhanqing, LU Xiangyu()
College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
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FENG Xingguo, ZHOU Qiyan, HE Aocheng, XIAO Tang, QU Zhanqing, LU Xiangyu. Pulsed Current Electrodeposition Preparation and Performance of Ag/AgCl Electrode as Chloride Ion Monitoring Electrodes for Concrete. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(5): 1399-1407.

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Abstract  

Ag/AgCl electrode is a core component for monitoring chloride ion in concrete. In order to improve the life of Ag/AgCl electrodes, pulsed current electrodeposition was adopted to prepare Ag/AgCl electrodes. The effect of current density and electrodeposition time on the Nernst response, anti-polarization performance, and life of the Ag/AgCl electrodes were investigated in a simulated concrete pore solution. In addition, the properties of the Ag/AgCl electrodes prepared by pulsed current electrodeposition were compared to those of the counterparts produced by constant current. The results show that the former Ag/AgCl electrode has wider potential response, better anti-polarization performance, and longer life than the latter electrode, under the same current density and charge condition. The performance of Ag/AgCl electrodes decreased with the increase of pulsed current density. Under the condition of low pulsed current density, the performance of Ag/AgCl electrode can be improved by extending electrodeposition time. In general, the best performance was observed on the Ag/AgCl electrodes that prepared by electrodeposition at 0.1 mA/cm2 pulse current density for 15 h. In addition, the microstructure and the chemical composition of AgCl film on the electrode surface were characterized, and the mechanism of the improvement of performance for the Ag/AgCl electrode by the pulsed current electrodeposition was also analyzed.
Key words:  Ag/AgCl electrode      pulse current      constant current      concrete      chloride ion monitoring     
Received:  08 November 2024      32134.14.1005.4537.2024.365
ZTFLH:  TU511  
Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3207400)
Corresponding Authors:  LU Xiangyu, E-mail: luxiangyu@hhu.edu.cn
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FENG Xingguo
ZHOU Qiyan
HE Aocheng
XIAO Tang
QU Zhanqing
LU Xiangyu

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2024.365     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2025/V45/I5/1399

Fig.1  Current variation programs during electrodeposition at constant current and pulsed current
Specimen No.Current modeI / mA·cm-2Time / h
C-0.1-6Constant current0.16
C-0.1-120.112
P-0.1-7.5Pulse current0.17.5
P-0.1-150.115
P-0.2-7.50.27.5
P-0.4-7.50.47.5
P-0.8-7.50.87.5
Table 1  Current parameters for the electrodeposition of Ag/AgCl electrode
Fig.2  Schematic drawing of embedding Ag/AgCl electrodes in mortar
Fig.3  Nernst equation curves of various as-electrodep-osited Ag/AgCl electrodes in simulated pore solutions with different concentrations of Cl-: (a) C-0.1-6 and P-0.1-7.5, (b) C-0.1-12 and P-0.1-15, (c) P-0.2-7.5, P-0.4-7.5 and P-0.8-7.5
Specimen No.SlopeR2
C-0.1-6-34.7550.99813
C-0.1-12-30.1700.99881
P-0.1-7.5-38.8010.99780
P-0.1-15-34.1640.99205
P-0.2-7.5-26.1010.98158
P-0.4-7.5-24.1000.96539
P-0.8-7.5-20.8850.66635
Table 2  Fitting results of Nernst curves of various as-electrodeposited Ag/AgCl electrodes in simulated pore solutions with different concentrations of Cl-
Fig.4  Polarization curves of Ag/AgCl electrodes elect-rodeposited at constant current (a) and pulsed current (b) in simulated pore solution containing 0.05 mol/L Cl-
Specimen No.I0 / A·cm-2
C-0.1-63.7346 × 10-5
C-0.1-121.1947 × 10-4
P-0.1-7.54.6584 × 10-5
P-0.1-151.4162 × 10-4
P-0.2-7.59.2827 × 10-5
P-0.4-7.58.3663 × 10-5
P-0.8-7.57.5699 × 10-5
Table 3  Exchange current densities obtained by fitting the polarization curves of various as-electrodeposited Ag/AgCl electrodes in 0.05 mol/L Cl- simulated pore solution
Fig.5  Potential variations of various as-electrodeposited Ag/AgCl electrodes in simulated concrete pore solution
Fig.6  Potential variations of various as-electrodeposited Ag/AgCl electrodes in mortar
Fig.7  Surface morphologies of AgCl layers of various as-electrodeposited Ag/AgCl electrodes: (a) C-0.1-6, (b) C-0.1-12, (c) C-0.1-7.5, (d) P-0.1-15, (e) P-0.4-7.5, (f) P-0.8-7.5
Fig.8  Cross-sectional morphologies of AgCl layers of various as-electrodeposited Ag/AgCl electrodes: (a) C-0.1-6, (b) C-0.1-12, (c) C-0.1-7.5, (d) P-0.1-15
Fig.9  EDS element mappings on the surfaces of various as-electrodeposited Ag/AgCl electrodes: (a) C-0.1-6, (b) C-0.1-12, (c) C-0.1-7.5, (d) P-0.1-15, (e) P-0.4-7.5
Specimen No.O / %Cl / %Ag / %Cl/O ratio
C-0.1-63.05536.58860.38711.976
C-0.1-124.37538.24957.3778.7426
P-0.1-7.52.53731.44966.01412.396
P-0.1-152.04038.51759.44418.881
P-0.4-7.52.00336.01061.98717.978
Table 4  EDS determined contents of O, Cl and Ag on the surfaces of Ag/AgCl electrodes
Fig.10  XRD patterns of various as-electrodeposited Ag/AgCl electrodes
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