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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2025, Vol. 45 Issue (2): 469-478    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.338
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Initial Corrosion Behavior of Several Pure Irons and Steels in 3.5%NaCl Solution
YANG Zhenyu1,2, JI Chao1,2, GUO Liya1,2(), XU Run1,2, PENG Wei1,2, ZHAO Hongshan1,2, WEI Xicheng1,2, DONG Han1,2
1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
2.Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, Shanghai University, Jiaxing 314113, China
Cite this article: 

YANG Zhenyu, JI Chao, GUO Liya, XU Run, PENG Wei, ZHAO Hongshan, WEI Xicheng, DONG Han. Initial Corrosion Behavior of Several Pure Irons and Steels in 3.5%NaCl Solution. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(2): 469-478.

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Abstract  

The initial corrosion behavior of three pure irons of different purity 3N2, 4N2 and 5N2, carbon steel Q235B, weathering steel SPA-H and stainless steel 304L in 3.5%NaCl solution was comparatively investigated by means of immersion test, electrochemical measurements, scanning electron microscopy, 3D profiling microscope and laser confocal Raman microscope. Results showed that according to the electrochemical impedance value, the corrosion rate of the six test materials from low to high is as following: 304L < 5N2 < 4N2 < 3N2 < SPA-H < Q235B. The scanning electron microscopy observation and 3D profiling microscope measurement revealed that the three pure irons 3N2, 4N2 and 5N2 exhibited localized corrosion; while the 3N2 presented the deepest corrosion pits. The corrosion products mainly consisted of Fe3O4, γ-FeOOH and α-FeOOH for all the six test materials.
Key words:  pure iron      electrochemistry      corrosion pits      corrosion products     
Received:  14 October 2024      32134.14.1005.4537.2024.338
:  TG174  
Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276214);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201078);Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1412800)
Corresponding Authors:  GUO Liya, E-mail: liya_guo@shu.edu.cn
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YANG Zhenyu
JI Chao
GUO Liya
XU Run
PENG Wei
ZHAO Hongshan
WEI Xicheng
DONG Han

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2024.338     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2025/V45/I2/469

MaterialsCSiMnPSCuCrNiFe
Q235B steel0.150.190.280.0180.0070.030.040.01Bal.
SPA-H steel0.090.040.450.0730.0140.280.360.01Bal.
304L stainless steel0.020.391.060.0350.002-18.398.01Bal.
Table 1  Chemical compositions of three test steels
Fig.1  Microstructures of Q235B (a) and SPA-H (b) steels, 304L stainless steel (c), and three pure irons with grades 3N2 (d), 4N2 (e) and 5N2 (f)
Materials(Mn, Ca, Mg) x S y(Al, Ca, Mg, Si) x O y(Mn, Ca, Mg) x S y -(Al, Ca, Mg, Si) z O w
Q235B steel2602343
SPA-H steel344128132
304L stainless steel41356
3N2 pure iron-12-
4N2 pure iron---
5N2 pure iron---
Table 2  Numbers of the inclusions in the test materials
Fig.2  XPS analysis results of the surfaces of Q235B steel (a), SPA-H steel (b), 304L stainless steel (c, d), 3N2 pure iron (e), 4N2 pure iron (f) and 5N2 pure iron (g) test materials immersed in 3.5%NaCl solution for 1 h
Fig.3  Proportions of Fe 2p components and the ratios of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the oxide scales formed on six test materials during immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution for 1 h
Fig.4  OCP values of six test materials after immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution for 1 h
Fig.5  EIS of Q235B stainless steel and SPA-H steels, 3N2, 4N2 and 5N2 pure irons (a) and 304L stainless steel (b) immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution for 1 h, and corresponding equivalent circuit (c)
MaterialsRs / Ω·cm2CPEox × 10-4 / Ω-1·cm-2·S nnRox / Ω·cm2CPEdl × 10-4 / Ω-1·cm-2·S nnRct / Ω·cm2RP / Ω·cm2
Q235B steel8.514.50.7446.70.90.85408.7455.4
SPA-H steel9.616.40.7015.64.50.71511.6527.5
3N2 pure iron4.853.60.81430.775.20.70251.4682.1
4N2 pure iron5.211.10.76770.1229.50.91170.7940.8
5N2 pure iron4.87.20.82882.5291.00.92270.81153.3
304L stainless steel11.60.60.997800.00.10.94229600.0237400.0
Table 3  Fitting data of EIS of six test materials immersed in 3.5%NaCl solution for 1 h
Fig.6  Potentiodynamic polarization curves of six test materials after immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution for 1 h
MaterialsEcorr / VIcorr / μA·cm-2
Q235B steel-0.708.84
SPA-H steel-0.636.14
3N2 pure iron-0.5721.34
4N2 pure iron-0.4214.18
5N2 pure iron-0.558.34
304L stainless steel-0.120.05
Table 4  Corrosion potentials and corrosion current densities of six test materials after immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution for 1 h
Fig.7  SEM images (a) and 3D morphologies (b) of Q235B steel (a1, b1), SPA-H steel (a2, b2), 304L stainless steel (a3, b3), 3N2 pure iron (a4, b4), 4N2 pure iron (a5, b5) and 5N2 pure iron (a6, b6) test materials after immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution for 1 h and then rust removal
MaterialsMax pit depth / μmAverage pit depth / μmAverage pit width / μmNumber of pits
Q235B steel29.87.4 ± 6.182.7 ± 43.543
SPA-H steel19.17.3 ± 3.411.2 ± 8.598
304L stainless steel8.13.4 ± 1.56.2 ± 3.230
3N2 pure iron26.18.3 ± 5.657.4 ± 20.464
4N2 pure iron22.54.9 ± 2.632.5 ± 18.467
5N2 pure iron20.45.6 ± 2.618.5 ± 14.548
Table 5  Characteristics of pits of six test materials after immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution for 1 h
Fig.8  Raman spectra of Q235B steel (a), SPA-H steel (b), 3N2 pure iron (c), 4N2 pure iron (d) and 5N2 pure iron (e) after immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution for 1 h
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