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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2016, Vol. 36 Issue (3): 197-204    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2015.089
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Corrosion Behavior of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels
Xinqiang WU1(),Yao FU1,Wei KE1,Song XU2,Bing FENG2,Botao HU2,Jiazheng LU2
1. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Safety and Assessment Technique of Nuclear Material, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2. Hunan Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China
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Abstract  

The corrosion performance of Ni free and Mn alloyed high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels (HNSSs), including uniform corrosion, intergranular corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion and repassivation,was investigated by means of immersion test and electrochemical test. The effect of cold work and sensitization treatment on the microstructure, characteristic of passive film and corrosion resistance of the HNSSs was examined. It was found that the solution-annealed (SA) HNSSs had much weaker resistance to uniform- and intergranular-corrosion compared to the SA 316LSS. The sensitization-treatment (ST) hardly affected the uniform corrosion resistance of all the steels, but resulted in rapid degradation of the resistance to intergranular-corrosion, especially for the Mo free HNSSs. The SA HNSSs had a better resistance to crevice- and pitting-corrosion than the SA 316LSS, in particular the Mo bearing HNSSs. The ST degraded the resistance to crevice- and pitting-corrosion of the HNSSs. The cold work degraded the pitting-corrosion resistance of the HNSSs in chloride-containing solutions through thinning the passive film and decreasing the stable oxides in the passive film, but it improved the repassivation ability of the HNSSs. The ST-induced precipitation of χ phase degraded the corrosion resistance and repssivation ability of the HNSSs, and such degradation became aggravated with increasing cold work degree. Furthermore, the relevant corrosion mechanism is also discussed.
Key words:  high nitrogen stainless steel      cold work      sensitization      passive film      repassivation     
Received:  27 May 2015     
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Xinqiang WU
Yao FU
Wei KE
Song XU
Bing FENG
Botao HU
Jiazheng LU

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Xinqiang WU,Yao FU,Wei KE,Song XU,Bing FENG,Botao HU,Jiazheng LU. Corrosion Behavior of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2016, 36(3): 197-204.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2015.089     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2016/V36/I3/197

Steel Cr Ni Mn Mo Si C S P Al N Fe
HNSS A 19.80 --- 18.40 --- --- 0.040 0.012 0.015 0.02 0.82 Bal.
HNSS B 19.07 --- 18.84 2.20 --- 0.043 0.012 0.015 0.02 0.77 Bal.
HNSS C 18.40 --- 15.80 2.19 0.24 0.040 0.005 0.017 0.02 0.66 Bal.
316LSS 16.38 10.2 1.02 2.36 0.40 0.019 0.06 0.033 --- --- Bal.
Table 1  Chemical compositions of HNSSs and 316LSS used in the present work (mass fraction / %)
Fig.1  Microstructures of HNSS C treated under different conditions: (a) solution annealing+8% cold work; (b) solution annealing+30% cold work; (c) solution annealing+30% cold work+sensitization;(d) TEM morphology of χ phase under 30% cold work+sensitization
Fig.2  Mass loss rate of uniform corrosion (a), intergranular corrosion rate (b), crevice corrosion rate (c) andpitting corrosion rate (d) of HNSSs
Fig.3  Intergranular corrosion morphologies of sensitized HNSS C (a) and 316LSS (b), crevice corrosion morphologies of solution-annealed HNSS C (c) and 316LSS (d), pitting corrosion morphologies of sensitized HNSS C (e) and 316LSS (f)
Fig.4  Polarization curves of HNSS C after solution-annealing+cold work (a) and cold work+sensitization (b), curves of critical pitting potential vs cold deformation (c)
Fig.5  Nyquist plots (a) and equivalent circuit (b) of cold worked HNSS C
Fig.6  Depth profiles of the concentrations of N (a), O (b), Cr (c) and Mo (d) in the passive film formed in 3.5%NaCl solution
Condition Cold work level Rsol / Ωcm2 Q / Ω-1sncm-2 n R1 / Ωcm2 C / Fcm-2 R2 / Ωcm2
Solution-annealed,3.5%NaCl 8% 7.62 1.14×10-5 0.88 3.56 6.53×10-6 6.48×105
30% 7.33 1.20×10-5 0.83 4.01 7.79×10-6 2.53×105
60% 6.92 2.63×10-5 0.92 16.50 3.39×10-6 2.22×105
Sensitized,3.5%NaCl 8% 7.57 1.37×10-5 0.76 4.83 8.43×10-6 1.65×105
30% 6.17 8.21×10-5 0.85 10.05 1.26×10-5 1.36×105
60% 6.26 9.51×10-5 0.78 3.02 1.65×10-5 1.29×105
Table 2  Equivalent circuit parameters for 8%, 30% and 60% cold deformed HNSS C
Cold work level Surface layer (1 nm) Middle layer (3 nm) Inner layer (7 nm)
8% non-sensitized Cr2O3 Cr-O Cr-O
Fe3O4, Fe2O3 Fe3O4 Fe3O4
Mn2O3 MnO MnO
60% non-sensitized Cr-O Cr-O Cr-O
Fe3O4, Fe(OH)O Fe3O4 Fe3O4
Mn2O3 MnO MnO
60% sensitized Cr-O Fe3O4 Fe3O4
Fe3O4, Fe(OH)O MnO
MnO
Table 3  Main oxides in passive films formed on 8% and 60% cold deformed HNSS C
Fig.7  Cyclic polarization curves for the solution-annealed,cold worked and cold-worked sensitized HNSS C in 3.5%NaCl solution
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