Effect of Laser Quenching on Microstructure, Corrosion and Wear Behavior of AISI 4130 Steel

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2023.157

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2023, Vol. 43

Issue (4): 713-724 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2023.157

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Effect of Laser Quenching on Microstructure, Corrosion and Wear Behavior of AISI 4130 Steel

XIAO Meng¹, WANG Qinying¹(

), ZHANG Xingshou¹, XI Yuchen¹(

), BAI Shulin², DONG Lijin¹, ZHANG Jin¹, YANG Junjie³

^1.School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
^3.Chengdu Zhongyuan Petroleum Machinery Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610400, China

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Abstract

Laser quenching technology is widely used as a means for the strengthening in the field of metallic materials. Laser quenched materials have the advantages of high precision, small heat affected zone, uniform carbide dispersion and finer grains. In order to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of AISI 4130 steel used in petroleum field, a high hardness and high wear resistance quenching layer was prepared on the surface of AISI 4130 steel by laser quenching technology. The effect of quenching power on the microstructure evolution, corrosion resistance, microhardness and wear resistance of AISI4130 steel were investigated. AISI4130 steel samples of 10 mm×10 mm×8 mm (L×W×H) were prepared by wire cut electric discharge machine. The quenching layer was prepared on the surface of AISI 4130 steel by high power laser. The microstructure and element distribution characteristics of the steel quenched with different power was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDS and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The corrosion resistance of the steel before and after quenching was assessed by electrochemical workstation and immersion test. The hardness of quenched steels was measured by Vickers microhardness tester. The wear resistance of different quenched steels was tested by reciprocating friction and wear tester, while the wear scratch morphology was analyzed by three-dimensional optical microscope. After laser quenching, the surface microstructure of AISI 4130 steel was obviously refined and composed of mainly martensite and Cr-rich carbide particles. The thickness of the heat affected zone of the steels of laser quenched at 2.0 and 2.2 kW was 501.5 and 553.6 μm, respectively. The impedance arc radius of the bare AISI 4130 steel and two quenched steels may be ranked as the following: 2.2 kW quenched >2.0 kW quenched >substrate. The passive current density of the bare steel, 2.0 kW- and 2.2 kW-quenched steel was 60.00,102.28 and 108.58 μA/cm², respectively. The passivation current density of the two quenched steels was about 1.7 times that of the bare one. After quenching, the surface hardness of the steel increased by more than 85%. The average friction coefficient of the bare AISI 4130 steel and 2.0 kW- and 2.2 kW-laser quenched ones was 0.366, 0.293 and 0.195, respectively. Compared with the bare steel, the volume wear rate of 2.0 kW- and 2.2 kW-laser quenched ones was reduced by 25% and 36%, respectively. The wear resistance of quenched steels increased by 20% and 47%, respectively. The corrosion resistance of the quenched steels is reduced, but the corrosion resistance of the 2.0 kW quenched steel is better than that of the 2.2 kW ones. The precipitation of Cr-rich carbide particles in the steel will aggravate the destruction of the corrosion product film, resulting in a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the quenched steel. The higher the carbide content on the surface of the quenched steel, the more difficult it is to cut the convex surface of the abrasive into a tough phase and the wear rate of the sample surface decreases, thereby improving the overall wear resistance of the material.

Key words: laser quenching AISI 4130 steel microstructure corrosion resistance wear resistance

Received: 11 May 2023 32134.14.1005.4537.2023.157

ZTFLH:

TG178

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174007);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51801167);Science and Technology Cooperation Research Project of Sichuan Province and University/Institution(23SYSX0127)

Corresponding Authors: WANG Qin-ying, E-mail: wangqy0401@swpu.edu.cn;XI Yu-chen, E-mail: xycsony3@126.com

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	XIAO Meng
	WANG Qinying
	ZHANG Xingshou
	XI Yuchen
	BAI Shulin
	DONG Lijin
	ZHANG Jin
	YANG Junjie

Cite this article:

XIAO Meng, WANG Qinying, ZHANG Xingshou, XI Yuchen, BAI Shulin, DONG Lijin, ZHANG Jin, YANG Junjie. Effect of Laser Quenching on Microstructure, Corrosion and Wear Behavior of AISI 4130 Steel. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(4): 713-724.

URL:

https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2023.157 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2023/V43/I4/713

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of laser surface quenching

Fig.2 Surface microstructure of AISI 4130 steel substrate (a1, a2) and quenched samples with laser power of 2.0 kW (b1, b2) and 2.2 kW (c1, c2)

Fig. 3 Cross-sectional microstructure of AISI 4130 steel after 2 kW laser quenching: (a) cross-sectional quenching layer thickness, (b) Near-surface quenching zone, (c) hardened zone and matrix transition zone, (d-i) corresponding zones in Fig.3b and c

Fig.4 Cross-sectional microstructure of AISI 4130 steel after 2.2 kW laser quenching: (a) cross-sectional quenching layer thickness, (b) Near-surface quenching zone, (c) hardened zone and matrix transition zone, (d-i) corresponding zones in Fig.4b and c

Fig.5 Cross-sectional element distribution of AISI 4130 steel after quenching: (a, b) 2.0 kW, (c, d) 2.2 kW

Fig.6 XRD patterns of AISI 4130 steel substrate and laser quenching samples

Fig.7 EIS diagram of AISI 4130 steel substrate and two quenched samples in 3.5% NaCl solution: (a) Nyquist diagram and corresponding equivalent circuit, (b) Bode diagram

Table 2 Fitting parameter results of the EIS test of AISI 4130 steel under different laser powers obtained by the proposed equivalent circuit model

Fig.8 Potential polarization curves of AISI 4130 steel substrate and two quenched samples with laser power of 2.0 and 2.2 kW in 3.5% NaCl solution

Fig.9 Microhardness of AISI 4130 steel after laser quenching at 2.0 and 2.2 kW power: (a) cross-sectional microhardness, (b) average hardness of the hardened zone specimen

Fig.10 Friction coefficient of AISI 4130 steel substrate and two quenched samples with laser power of 2.0 and 2.2 kW: (a) coefficient of friction varying with time, (b) average coefficient of friction

Fig.11 Surface morphologies (a1-c1) and cross-sectional element distribution (a2-c2) of AISI 4130 steel substrate (a1, a2) and two quenched samples with laser power of 2.0 kW (b1, b2) and 2.2 kW (c1, c2) after 24 h immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of corrosion mechanism of AISI 4130 steel substrate (a) and quenched sample (b)

Fig.13 Wear morphology and mapping analysis of AISI 4130 steel: (a1, a2) substrate, (b1, b2) 2.0 kW LQ sample, (c1, c2) 2.2 kW LQ sample

Fig.14 3D morphologies (a-c), wear depth and volume wear rate (d) of AISI 4130 steel substrate (a) and two quenched samples with laser power of 2.0 kW (b) and 2.2 kW (c) after wear

Fig.15 Schematic diagram of wear mechanism of AISI 4130 steel substrate (a) and quenched sample (b)

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