油气集输管线微生物腐蚀研究进展

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.246

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (4): 1001-1014 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.246 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.246

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油气集输管线微生物腐蚀研究进展

凌威, 李宏燕(

), 贺莉莉, 靳龙, 郝洪涛

宁夏大学机械工程学院银川 750021

Research Progress on Microbial Corrosion in Oil and Gas Gathering Pipelines

LING Wei, LI Hongyan(

), HE Lili, JIN Long, HAO Hongtao

College of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

引用本文:

凌威, 李宏燕, 贺莉莉, 靳龙, 郝洪涛. 油气集输管线微生物腐蚀研究进展[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(4): 1001-1014.
Wei LING, Hongyan LI, Lili HE, Long JIN, Hongtao HAO. Research Progress on Microbial Corrosion in Oil and Gas Gathering Pipelines[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(4): 1001-1014.

全文: PDF(3121 KB) HTML

摘要:

微生物引发的腐蚀是造成油气管道材料破坏和失效的重要原因，管线运行环境中微生物种类众多，探究管道表层和垢下多种微生物共存时的腐蚀机理成为未来应对管道微生物腐蚀的一种重要途径。基于文献调研，综述了国内外微生物腐蚀研究进展，归纳了管道外表层及垢下腐蚀性微生物的腐蚀机理，分析了硫酸盐还原菌与其他细菌共存时的复合微生物研究进展，并探讨了微生物腐蚀的关键影响因素，结合技术发展对未来研究方向进行了展望。本文系统分析了单一微生物及混合微生物腐蚀机理的研究现状与应用，从3个方面对MIC未来的研究方向进行展望，以期为管道微生物防护技术的工程应用提供借鉴。

关键词 ：油气集输管线, 微生物腐蚀, 微生物腐蚀机理, 影响因素

Abstract：

Microbial-induced corrosion (MIC) is a critical factor leading to the damage and failure of oil and gas pipeline materials. Given the wide diversity of microorganisms in the pipeline operating environment, to understand the nature on corrosion occurred in conditions of multiple microorganisms coexisting on the pipeline surface and beneath scales will become an important approach to address pipeline microbial corrosion in the future. Based on a literature survey, this paper summarizes the research progress of MIC research at home and abroad, outlines the corrosion mechanisms of corrosive microorganisms on pipeline surfaces and beneath deposits, analyzes the progress of composite microorganisms when sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) coexist with other bacteria, and discusses the key factors influencing microbial corrosion. It also outlines future research directions based on technological development. This paper systematically analyzes the research status and application of corrosion mechanisms of single microorganisms and mixed microorganisms, and discusses the future research directions of MIC from three aspects, aiming to provide a reference for the engineering application of pipeline microbial protection technologies.

Key words： oil-gas gathering pipelines microbial corrosion (MIC) MIC mechanisms influencing factors

收稿日期: 2025-08-01 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.246

ZTFLH:

TE832

基金资助:宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2025AAC020022)

通讯作者: 李宏燕，E-mail：lhy-208@163.com，研究方向为过程装备安全运维与控制

Corresponding author: LI Hongyan, E-mail: lhy-208@163.com

作者简介: 凌威，男，2000年生，硕士生

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图1 阴极极化理论原理示意图[22]

图2 FeS阴极去极化理论原理示意图[30]

图3 硫酸盐还原菌获得电子的不同方式示意图[37]

图4 生物催化阴极硝酸盐还原理论示意图[38]

图5 SRB浓差电池腐蚀机理图[43]

图6 EET的3种主要途径[45]

图7 321不锈钢在混合链球藻和SRB培养基中的腐蚀机理图[52]

图8 NRB与SRB相互作用示意图[71]

图9 混合SRB + IOB在不同阶段的腐蚀机理示意图[79]

Oxidation reaction	ΔG / kJ·mol^-1
(1) H₂S + 0.5O₂ → S⁰ + H₂O	-210.2
(2) 4S⁰ + 3O₂ + 4OH^- → 2S₂O $3 2 -$ + 2H₂O	-71.2
(3) 2S⁰ + O₂ + H₂O → S₂O $3 2 -$ + 2H⁺	-250.0
(4) S⁰ + 1.5O₂ + H₂O → SO $4 2 -$ + 2H⁺	-500.0
(5) 2S₂O $3 2 -$ + 0.5O₂ + 2H⁺ → S₄O $6 2 -$ + H₂O	-10.9
(6) S₂O $3 2 -$ + 2O₂ + H₂O → 2SO $4 2 -$ + 2H⁺	-418.7
(7) SO $3 2 -$ + 0.5O₂ → SO $4 2 -$	-250.0
(8) 5S^2- + 2NO $3 -$ + 6H₂O → 5S + N₂ + 12OH^-	-1168.4

表1 脱氮硫杆菌获得能量的典型生化反应[95]

图10 沈阳土壤浸出液中NRB和交流电流的腐蚀机理示意图[100]

图11 SRB直接获得阴保电子得到保护及从Fe获得电子造成腐蚀的示意图[107]

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