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中国腐蚀与防护学报  2025, Vol. 45 Issue (2): 261-270     CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.238      DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.238
  临氢关键材料服役行为研究专刊 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
高强铝合金氢脆机理研究进展
王明洋, 夏大海()
天津大学材料科学与工程学院 天津 300350
Research Progress on Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism of High Strength Al-alloy
WANG Mingyang, XIA Da-Hai()
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
引用本文:

王明洋, 夏大海. 高强铝合金氢脆机理研究进展[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(2): 261-270.
Mingyang WANG, Da-Hai XIA. Research Progress on Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism of High Strength Al-alloy[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(2): 261-270.

全文: PDF(10438 KB)   HTML
摘要: 

氢脆是高强铝合金在服役环境中应用所面临的问题之一。本文首先总结了氢的来源及其与高强铝合金的相互作用，介绍了氢脆的主要机制，包括氢促局部塑性(HELP)、氢促解聚(HEDE)、氢诱导位错发射模型(AIDE)和混合模型。随后，分析并讨论了高强铝合金微观结构(如第二相、位错、晶界等)和环境因子(如温度、湿度、应变速率等)对氢脆敏感性的影响。最后，指出在氢脆过程中，氢、第二相和裂纹之间的协同作用，以及多种环境因素耦合效应对高强铝合金氢脆敏感性的影响是亟待解决的问题。此外，通过调控不可逆氢陷阱的结构和数量是缓解氢脆的有效途径之一。
关键词 ： 高强铝合金,  氢脆,  氢捕获,  第一性原理计算    
Abstract：

Hydrogen embrittlement is one of the problems when the high strength Al-alloy is applied in hydrogen related service environments. This paper first summarizes the sources of hydrogen and its role in high-strength Al-alloys, along with the main mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement: hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity (HELP), hydrogen enhanced decohesion (HEDE), and adsorption induced dislocation emission (AIDE). The effects of microstructure (such as second phase, dislocation, and grain boundary) and environmental factors (including temperature, humidity, and strain rate) on the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of high-strength Al-alloy are analyzed and discussed. It is highlighted that the synergistic interactions of hydrogen and second phase with cracks during the hydrogen embrittlement process, as well as the coupling effects of various environmental factors on the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of high-strength aluminum alloys, are urgent issues that need to be addressed. Finally, it is worthy to point out that regulating the structure and number of irreversible hydrogen traps is one of the effective strategies to mitigate hydrogen embrittlement.
Key words： high strength Al-alloy    hydrogen embrittlement    hydrogen trapping    first-principles calculation
收稿日期: 2024-07-31      32134.14.1005.4537.2024.238
ZTFLH:  TG172  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52031007);国家自然科学基金(52171077)
通讯作者: 夏大海，E-mail：dahaixia@tju.edu.cn，研究方向为腐蚀电化学和局部腐蚀模拟仿真
Corresponding author: XIA Da-Hai, E-mail: dahaixia@tju.edu.cn
作者简介: 王明洋，男，2000年生，硕士生
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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2024.238      或      https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2025/V45/I2/261

图1  氢在金属中的位置和陷阱示意图[30]
图2  氢脆的混合机理示意图[39]
图3  不同回火温度高强马氏体的氢脆断裂形貌[43]
图4  不同均匀化温度样品的断口形貌[42]
图5  不同时效状态的样品的SSRT的应力-应变曲线和断口截面应力应变曲线，及欠时效，峰时效和过时效形貌[47]
图6  固溶温度对晶界原子偏析程度，延伸率损失和断裂模式的影响[48]
图7  不同热处理状态Al-Cu合金的氢热解吸曲线，XRD谱及 SSRT应力应变曲线[49]
图8  不同湿度下Al-Zn合金SSRT应力应变曲线和氢脆敏感性因子[52]
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