乙二醇<strong>-</strong>水冷媒中<strong>Cu-Al</strong>电偶腐蚀行为及反应机制研究

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.081

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (1): 299-307 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.081 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.081

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乙二醇-水冷媒中Cu-Al电偶腐蚀行为及反应机制研究

陈思敏, 练龙江, 黄延淞, 曾兰香, 雷冰(

), 孟国哲

中山大学化学工程与技术学院珠海 519000

Galvanic Corrosion Behavior and Reaction Mechanism of Cu-Al Couple in Ethylene Glycol-Water Coolent

CHEN Simin, LIAN Longjiang, HUANG Yansong, ZENG Lanxiang, LEI Bing(

), MENG Guozhe

School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China

引用本文:

陈思敏, 练龙江, 黄延淞, 曾兰香, 雷冰, 孟国哲. 乙二醇-水冷媒中Cu-Al电偶腐蚀行为及反应机制研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(1): 299-307.
Simin CHEN, Longjiang LIAN, Yansong HUANG, Lanxiang ZENG, Bing LEI, Guozhe MENG. Galvanic Corrosion Behavior and Reaction Mechanism of Cu-Al Couple in Ethylene Glycol-Water Coolent[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(1): 299-307.

全文: PDF(10935 KB) HTML

摘要:

电子器件液体冷却系统回路中，广泛存在乙二醇冷媒介质下的异种金属材料电偶腐蚀兼容性问题，严重威胁着液冷系统的边界完整性和电子器件服役安全。本文通过电化学测试、腐蚀浸泡实验等方法，系统研究了乙二醇-水溶液中TP2铜合金和AA1060铝合金之间的电偶效应及反应机制。结果表明，在乙二醇-水溶液中，AA1060铝合金作为电偶阳极，TP2铜合金作为电偶阴极，二者腐蚀电位差达608.8 mV，电偶腐蚀风险高。腐蚀初期，电偶电位处于AA1060铝合金点蚀击破电位之上，AA1060铝合金在强阳极极化作用下发生自发的点蚀行为。通过腐蚀浸泡实验获得的AA1060铝合金最大点蚀深度(188.24 μm)对应的最大点蚀速率2.29 mm/a，高于电偶电流推算的腐蚀速率1.09 mm/a，这种腐蚀速率的差异与Cu²⁺在AA1060铝合金反沉积、并诱发局部微电偶效应相关。在该过程中，由于乙二醇溶液电阻大，TP2铜合金未充分阴极极化，仍能通过自腐蚀溶解部分Cu²⁺，溶解的Cu²⁺在AA1060铝合金表面通过置换反应生成单质Cu，并与Al基体形成局部的Cu-Al微电偶，进一步促进了AA1060铝合金的局部溶解，使得电化学测试得到的腐蚀速率小于实际腐蚀速率。

关键词 ：乙二醇冷媒, 电偶腐蚀, TP2铜合金, AA1060铝合金

Abstract：

In the circuit of liquid cooling system of electronic devices, there is a widespread problem of galvanic corrosion compatibility of dissimilar metal in ethylene glycol coolant, which seriously threatens the boundary integrity of liquid cooling system and the service safety of electronic devices. Based on this background, the galvanic effect and reaction mechanism between TP2 Cu-alloy and AA1060 Al-alloy in ethylene glycol-water coolent was assessed -by means of electrochemical corrosion testing and static immersion corrosion test. The results show that the corrosion potential difference of AA1060 Al-alloy as anode and TP2 Cu-alloy as cathode is 608.8 mV in ethylene glycol-water coolent, thus the risk of galvanic corrosion is high. At the initial stage of corrosion, the galvanic potential is above the pitting potential of AA1060 Al-alloy, while the spontaneous pitting of AA1060 Al-alloy occurs due to the action of strong anode polarization. The maximum pitting rate corresponding to the maximum pitting depth of AA1060 Al-alloy (188.24 μm) acquired by the immersion test is 2.29 mm/a, which is higher than the corrosion rate calculated by the galvanic current of 1.09 mm/a. This difference in corrosion rate is related to the reverse deposition of Cu²⁺ on AA1060 Al-alloy and the induced local micro-galvanic effect. In this process, due to the large resistance of ethylene glycol coolent and insufficient cathodic polarization of TP2, part of Cu²⁺ can still be dissolved through free-corrosion. The dissolved Cu²⁺ forms a simple Cu on the surface of AA1060 Al-alloy through displacement reaction, and forms a local micro-couple of Cu with Al matrix, which further promotes the local dissolution of AA1060 Al-alloy. Therefore, the corrosion rate acquied by electrochemical test is less than the actual corrosion rate.

Key words： ethylene glycol refrigerant galvanic corrosion TP2 Cu-alloy AA1060 Al-alloy

收稿日期: 2025-03-11 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.081

ZTFLH:

TG174

通讯作者: 雷冰，E-mail：leibing@mail.sysu.edu.cn，研究方向为海洋腐蚀防护

作者简介: 陈思敏，女，1998年生，硕士生

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表1 实验用铜合金和铝合金的主要化学成分

图1 TP2铜合金和AA1060铝合金在含55%乙二醇的水溶液中的开路电位

图2 TP2铜合金和AA1060铝合金在55%乙二醇的水溶液中的极化曲线

表2 TP2铜合金和AA1060铝合金的极化曲线拟合参数

图3 TP2-AA1060合金电偶对在55%乙二醇的水溶液中浸泡不同时间后的偶合电位和电偶电流密度

表3 电偶电流密度与对应电偶腐蚀风险等级[30]

表4 电偶兼容性评估准则[31]

图4 TP2-AA1060合金电偶对在55%乙二醇的水溶液中的极化曲线

图5 TP2铜合金在55%乙二醇的水溶液中浸泡30 d后的表面形貌

图6 AA1060铝合金在55%乙二醇的水溶液中浸泡30 d后的表面形貌

图7 AA1060铝合金表面典型点蚀坑的三维形貌示意图及深度-累积概率分布散点图

表5 依据点蚀坑密度和大小对点蚀等级评定[32]

图8 TP2-AA1060合金电偶对在55%乙二醇的水溶液中的腐蚀机理图

图9 偶合状态下AA1060铝合金在含55%乙二醇的水溶液中浸泡30 d后的表面XPS全谱和Cu的精细谱图

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