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中国腐蚀与防护学报  2025, Vol. 45 Issue (3): 533-547     CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.123      DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.123
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镁合金在海洋环境中的腐蚀与防护研究
魏然1,2,3, 蒋全通1,2,3(), 孙琛4, 王伟伟4, 段继周1,2,3, 侯保荣1,2,3
1.中国科学院海洋研究所 海洋关键材料全国重点实验室 青岛 266071
2.三亚海洋生态环境工程研究院 三亚 572000
3.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
4.中国质量认证中心青岛分中心 青岛 266061
A Review on Corrosion and Protection of Mg-alloy in Marine Environment
WEI Ran1,2,3, JIANG Quantong1,2,3(), SUN Chen4, WANG Weiwei4, DUAN Jizhou1,2,3, HOU Baorong1,2,3
1.Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2.Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572000, China
3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4.China Quality Certification Centre Qingdao Branch, Qingdao 266061, China
引用本文:

魏然, 蒋全通, 孙琛, 王伟伟, 段继周, 侯保荣. 镁合金在海洋环境中的腐蚀与防护研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(3): 533-547.
Ran WEI, Quantong JIANG, Chen SUN, Weiwei WANG, Jizhou DUAN, Baorong HOU. A Review on Corrosion and Protection of Mg-alloy in Marine Environment[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(3): 533-547.

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摘要: 

本文综述了镁合金在海洋大气环境、海水浸没环境和滨海滩涂环境下的腐蚀规律与腐蚀机理,分析了环境因素对镁合金腐蚀行为的影响;并根据镁合金在海洋环境下的使用情况,简要介绍了如何提高镁合金的耐蚀性能和使用寿命。本文旨在为镁合金在海洋环境下的应用和防护提供参考。

关键词 镁合金海洋环境滨海滩涂海水环境腐蚀性能防护技术    
Abstract

Mg-alloy have the advantages of low density and high specific strength, which are as green metal structural materials in the 21st century and show great potential in the application in marine environment. However, the poor corrosion resistance and unique marine environment limit their application. In this work, the corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism of Mg-alloy in marine atmospheric environment, seawater immersion environment and coastal beach environment are reviewed. The effect of humidity, temperature and pollutants on the corrosion behavior of Mg-alloy in atmospheric environment and the effect of Cl- on their corrosion behavior in seawater environment are analyzed. The corrosion mechanism of magnesium anode in seawater battery was introduced. The effect of microbial corrosion on metal corrosion behavior in beach environment is also briefly introduced. According to the application of Mg-alloy in marine environment, how to improve the corrosion resistance and service life of Mg-alloys is briefly introduced. Generally, there are two main methods to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-alloys in marine atmospheric environment: one is to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-alloy by alloying with other metal elements and changing the processing technology to alter the microstructure of Mg-alloys; the other is to form a chemical protective film on the surface of the Mg-alloys. Besides, Mg-alloys are mainly used as anode materials for seawater batteries in seawater environment, correspondingly, their electrochemical properties can be improved by adding other metal elements to Mg-alloys. Mg-alloy can be used as sacrificial anode material for pipelines in tidal flat environment, for that circumstance, mainly by adding metal elements to improve its cathodic protection efficiency. However, there are few studies on improving the protection efficiency of Mg-sacrificial anode in tidal flat environment, which needs further research in the future. This paper aims to provide a reference for the application and protection of Mg-alloys in the marine environment.

Key wordsMg-alloy    marine environment    coastal beaches environment    seawater environment    corrosion performance    protection technique
收稿日期: 2024-04-13      32134.14.1005.4537.2024.123
ZTFLH:  TG174  
基金资助:海南省三亚崖州湾科技城科技创新联合项目(2021CXLH0005);中国工程科技发展战略海南研究院咨询研究课题
通讯作者: 蒋全通,E-mail:jiangquantong@qdio.ac.cn,研究方向为海洋腐蚀与防护
Corresponding author: JIANG Quantong, E-mail: jiangquantong@qdio.ac.cn
作者简介: 魏 然,男,2001年生,硕士生
图1  不同环境中对镁合金耐蚀性能影响的主要因素
图2  镁合金大气腐蚀机理
图3  AM60合金在含Cl-溶液中的电化学性能[33]
图4  在不含和含SRB的富集人工海水中铝阳极和碳钢之间的电偶腐蚀过程示意图[49]
图5  表面处理技术原理示意图
图6  海水电池工作原理图及放电装置图[82]
图7  含有AZ63、AZI和AZIT阳极的海水活化Mg-CuCl电池的性能[87]
图8  牺牲阳极保护法工作原理图
Using environmentTypes of magnesium alloysApplicationPerformance improvement methods
Marine atmospheric environmentAZ series; VW series magnesium alloysIt is used in aerospace fields, aircraft engine shell and other partsAdding other metal elements or changing the processing technology to adjust the second phase; protective coatings were prepared on the surface of the alloy
Seawater immersion environmentAZ series; AE series such as Mg-Al-Zn-In magnesium alloysIt is mainly used as anode material for seawater batteryAddition of other metal elements to the alloy or heat treatment and plastic processing were used to improve the anode efficiency
Coastal beach environmentPure magnesium; Mg-Mn series; Mg-Al-Zn-Mn series magnesium alloysSacrificial anode material used for cathodic protection of buried pipelinesThe addition of other metal elements changes the grain size and the composition of the second phase to improve the current efficiency and corrosion uniformity
表1  不同环境下使用镁合金种类及性能改善方法
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