青铜器腐蚀行为与封护技术

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2022.326

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2023, Vol. 43

Issue (6): 1165-1177 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.326 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2022.326

综合评述

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青铜器腐蚀行为与封护技术

赵璐¹, 李谦¹^,²^,³(

), 赵天亮¹^,⁴(

)

^1.上海大学材料科学与工程学院省部共建高品质特殊钢冶金与制备国家重点实验室上海 200444
^2.上海大学文化遗产保护研究所上海 200444
^3.重庆大学材料科学与工程学院国家镁合金材料工程技术研究中心重庆 400044
^4.武汉科技大学高性能钢铁材料及其应用省部共建协同创新中心武汉 430081

Corrosion Behavior and Sealing Technologies of Bronze

ZHAO Lu¹, LI Qian¹^,²^,³(

), ZHAO Tianliang¹^,⁴(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
^2.Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
^3.School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
^4.Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China

引用本文:

赵璐, 李谦, 赵天亮. 青铜器腐蚀行为与封护技术[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(6): 1165-1177.
Lu ZHAO, Qian LI, Tianliang ZHAO. Corrosion Behavior and Sealing Technologies of Bronze[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(6): 1165-1177.

全文: PDF(9995 KB) HTML

摘要:

综述了目前青铜器腐蚀行为和封护技术领域的主要研究成果，总结了青铜器的腐蚀机理，概述了成分组成、结构内部因素和Cl^-、湿度、温度等外部环境因素对青铜器腐蚀行为的影响，分析了现有的青铜器病害诊断和等级划分方法，归纳了已有的青铜器临时封护和长期封护技术。最后，本文对青铜器腐蚀与封护的未来发展趋势进行了展望，希望通过构建环境-青铜器-病害-封护技术全方位标准数据库，以指导和推动青铜器腐蚀与封护技术的发展。

关键词 ：青铜器, 腐蚀机理, 影响因素, 病害诊断, 封护技术

Abstract：

Bronze relics are precious historical and cultural heritage of mankind, as the bearer of important historical information about the human civilization, but their corrosion-prone characteristics make them face a serious threat of rust and eventually fester. Studying the corrosion and destruction behavior of bronzes and correspondingly adopting effective sealing technologies can not only protect the long-term inheritance of bronzes, but also retain their historical research and artistic appreciation value. At present, the research on the corrosion behavior and sealing technologies of bronzes is still lacking in system. There are still many scientific and technical problems that need to be solved urgently in the effect of multi-factor synergistic competition on the evolution characteristics of bronze rust layers in the state of being buried or stored, the diagnostic methods and quantitative standards of bronze diseases, the sealing technologies of bronzes and the construction of databases related to bronze corrosion and sealing. This paper focuses on the key scientific issues in the whole process of bronze excavation, extraction, storage and protection, reviews the current main research results in the field of bronze corrosion behavior and sealing technologies, and the corrosion mechanism of bronzes. The influences of inherent factors related with bronze such as chemical composition and microstructure, as well as the external environmental factors such as Cl^- concentration, humidity and temperature on the corrosion behavior of bronze are outlined. The existing methods for the diagnosis and classification of bronzes are analyzed, and the existing temporary and long-term sealing technologies for bronzes are summarized. At last, the future development trend of bronze corrosion and sealing is prospected in this paper, and we hope to guide and promote the development of bronze corrosion and sealing technology by constructing a comprehensive standard database of environment-bronze-diseases-sealing technologies.

Key words： bronzes corrosion mechanism influence factors disease diagnosis sealing technologies

收稿日期: 2022-10-21 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.326

ZTFLH:

TB304

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1520104);四川省科技计划项目(2022YFS0558)

通讯作者: 李谦，E-mail: shuliqian@shu.edu.cn，研究方向为金属腐蚀与防护;
赵天亮，E-mail: ustb_tlzhao@163.com，研究方向为金属腐蚀与防护

Corresponding author: LI Qian, E-mail: shuliqian@shu.edu.cn;
ZHAO Tianliang, E-mail: ustb_tlzhao@163.com

作者简介: 赵璐，女，1994年生，工程师

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图1 青铜器小孔腐蚀截面图[11]

图2 Cu4Sn/Cu6Sn和Cu在布雷斯特地区腐蚀暴露5 a的铜锈厚度形貌的截面图像以及元素面分布图[17]

图3 不同光照下青铜器样品在模拟中性土壤溶液中浸泡6 d的SEM形貌[27]

图4 猎鹰雕像二维和三维重建CT图像[52]

图5 法兰斧头的中子射线照片以及区域的三维表面图[53]

表1 铜片腐蚀的标准色板分级

图6 薄荷醇的结构式及薄荷醇处理前后彩绘漆皮的超景深三维视频显微镜照片[56]

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