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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2023, Vol. 43 Issue (6): 1247-1254    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2022.354
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Effect of Second Phase on Corrosion Behavior of Friction-stir-welded Joints of 2xxx Series Al-alloy
ZHONG Jiaxin1, GUAN Lei1(), LI Yu2, HUANG Jiayong2, SHI Lei3
1.Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Nontraditional Machining and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.CSSC Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Limited, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Technology for Ships, Guangzhou 510715, China
3.Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Cite this article: 

ZHONG Jiaxin, GUAN Lei, LI Yu, HUANG Jiayong, SHI Lei. Effect of Second Phase on Corrosion Behavior of Friction-stir-welded Joints of 2xxx Series Al-alloy. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(6): 1247-1254.

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Abstract  

Friction stir welding, as a solid state bonding process, can effectively solve the welding problems of 2xxx series Al-alloy in engineering applications. However, during friction stir welding process, every local area of the welded joint has experienced distinctive thermal cycling and material plastic flow, therefore, different local areas may exhibit obviously differences in their microstructure evolution, as well as in corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism. In this paper, the corrosion types, positions of corrosion initiation and relevant inducing factors for friction stir welded joints of 2xxx series Al-alloy were reviewed, meanwhile, the relevant corrosion mechanism of weld joints and corresponding methods of improving corrosion resistance for the welded joints were also summerized.
Key words:  friction stir welding      Al-alloy      microstructure      corrosion behavior     
Received:  16 November 2022      32134.14.1005.4537.2022.354
ZTFLH:  TG 174  
Fund: Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010967);Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202102020723);Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202102020626);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M682929)
Corresponding Authors:  GUAN Lei, E-mail: lguan@gdut.edu.cn
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ZHONG Jiaxin
GUAN Lei
LI Yu
HUANG Jiayong
SHI Lei

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2022.354     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2023/V43/I6/1247

Fig.1  Schematic diagram of the friction stir welding process[2]
ElementIntermetallic 1Intermetallic 2
Al59.9576.32
Cu19.4912.99
Mg20.40-
Fe-5.63
Mn-4.36
Si-0.19
Table 1  EDS analysis of two second phases[15]
Fig.2  SEM image of 2024 aluminum alloy after polishing,1-7 are Al-Cu-Mg particles while 8-15 are Al-Cu-Mn-Fe particles (a), magnified Al-Cu-Mg particles (b) and magnified Al-Cu-Mn-Fe particles (c)[12]
Fig.3  Macrostructure presenting the regions generated during the FSW process (a), TMAZ on the RS (b), HAZ on the AS (c) and TMAZ on the AS (d)[28]
Al-alloyCorrosion typeCorrosion areaCorrosion inducing sourceReference
2024PittingNZUniformly distributed fine S phase[27]
2060-T8Intergranular corrosion

NZ&TMAZ

HAZ

The Cu rich phase at grain boundary[29, 30]
2024-T351PittingHAZ, located near to the TMAZThe coarse S phase in the grain[14, 31~33]
Intergranular corrosionThe continuous S phase at grain boundary
2098-T351， 2050-T3Exfoliation & intergranular corrosionHAZT1 phase at grain boundary、 sub-grain boundary[34, 35]
2014，2198-T851，2219Corrosion resistance is better than the base metalDissolution of Al2Cu/T1 phase[36~39]
Table 2  Summary of corrosion behaviour of FSWed joints of 2xxx series aluminum alloy
MethorAl-alloyResultReference
Reduce heat input during weldingReduce the welding speed2024-T4The second-phase particles were dissolved and became smaller in size with segregation of the Cu elements at the grain boundary decreased[41]
Reduce the rotational speed2219-T87-[42]
Water cooling2219-T62, 2014θ(Al2Cu) phase was refined and the PFZ region was absent[39, 43]
Post welding heat treatmentartificial ageing of 8 and 9 h2014-T6-[44]
Surface treatmentSurface coating2024-T351, 2219-T87The grain had refined and the residual stress had reduced[45, 46]
Laser shock peening2024-T351The grain had refined, the phase had increased and the high density dislocation appeared[47]
ultrasonic impact treatment2A12[48]
2219-T6The grain had refined,the precipitated phase had dissolved[49]
laser surface melting2219The surface S phase had dissolved and the second phase was uniformly distributed[50]
in situ shot-peening-assisted cold spray coatingCoated porosity had reduced[51]
Table 3  Summary of methods employed to improve the corrosion resistance of FSWed joints of 2xxx series aluminum alloy
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