The stray current induced corrosion is a common form of corrosion that occurs in the concrete structures of electrified traction systems, which becomes more and more serious with the increasing service life. Hence, in order to clarify the spatial distribution of reinforcement corrosion in the conductive matrix like concrete in the presence of stray current, the corrosion features of reinforcement in a transparent imitated concrete was assessed experimentally, meanwhile the finite element simulation of the applied electric field was also carried out. A finite element model of three steel bars embedded in a rectangular matrix was established to carry out numerical simulation studies, the corrosion state of the steel bars and the stray current electric field of the matrix were discussed in terms of the relevant parameters. Meanwhile, the corrosion experiment of the test piece with the same size as the numerical model was carried out, and the obtained corrosion rate of the steel bars was compared with the simulation result. The results show that the corrosion rate of reinforcements and the electric field distribution in the matrix in the presence of stray current can be simulated by taking the polarization reaction with Maxwell electric field into account. In addition, the distribution of corrosion amount can be evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by optical observation and the 3D laser scanning of the test piece with transparent matrix.