Oxidation Behavior of Super304H Stainless Steel in Supercritical Water at 605 and 640 oC

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2024.225

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2025, Vol. 45

Issue (1): 209-216 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.225

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Oxidation Behavior of Super304H Stainless Steel in Supercritical Water at 605 and 640 ^oC

CHEN Hui¹, XU Fubin², FANG Yaxiong¹, ZHU Zhongliang³(

)

1 National Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210046, China
2 State Energy Group Taizhou Power Generation Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
3 Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer, Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Cite this article:

CHEN Hui, XU Fubin, FANG Yaxiong, ZHU Zhongliang. Oxidation Behavior of Super304H Stainless Steel in Supercritical Water at 605 and 640 ^oC. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(1): 209-216.

Download:

HTML

PDF(14270KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

The oxidation behavior of Super304H austenitic stainless steel in 605 and 640 ^oC, 26 MPa supercritical water for 2000 h was studied by intermittent weighing method. The mass change caused by oxidation in supercritical water was measured by electronic balance. The morphology, elemental composition and phase types of the oxide scales were examined by field emission electron microscope, energy spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The results show that the oxide scale spalling occurs during the oxidation process. Nodular iron-rich oxides formed on the steel surface at the initial oxidation stage. With the increase in oxidation time, the iron-rich oxides gradually covered the whole surface of the test steel. The oxide scale was composed of a double layered structure, the outer layer rich in Fe and the inner layer rich in Cr. The temperature and oxidation time affect the phase composition of iron-rich oxides. A thin Cr-rich oxide layer can be observed at the oxide scale/substrate interface, which has an important impact on the oxidation resistance of Super304H. The results provide data support for the accurate evaluation of the oxidation resistance of Super304H stainless steel to supercritical water.

Key words: Super304H stainless steel supercritical water high-temperature oxidation oxidation mechanism

Received: 26 July 2024 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.225

ZTFLH:

TK245

Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4100403)

Corresponding Authors: ZHU Zhongliang, E-mail: zhzl@ncepu.edu.cn

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	CHEN Hui
	XU Fubin
	FANG Yaxiong
	ZHU Zhongliang

URL:

https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2024.225 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2025/V45/I1/209

Fig.1 Mass gain curves of Super304H stainless steel during oxidation in SCW at 605 and 640 ^oC

Fig.2 Surface morphologies of Super304H stainless steel oxidized in SCW at 605 ^oC under 26 MPa for 300 h (a, b) and 2000 h (c, d)

Fig.3 Surface morphologies of Super304H stainless steel oxidized in SCW at 640 ^oC under 26 MPa for 300 h (a1-a3), 800 h (b1-b3) and 2000 h (c1-c3)

Fig.4 EDS analysis results of the regions marked in Figs.2b (a), 2d (b), 3a2 (c) and 3c2 (d)

Fig.5 Lateral surface morphology of Super304H stainless steel oxidized at 605 ^oC for 800 h

Fig.6 XRD patterns of the oxide films formed on Super304H stainless steel after oxidation in SCW at 605 ^oC (a) and 640 ^oC (b)

Fig.7 XPS fine spectra of Fe 2p on the surface of Super304H stainless steel oxidized in SCW for 2000 h at 605 ^oC (a) and 640 ^oC (b)

Fig.8 Cross-sectional morphologies of Super304H stainless steel after oxidation in SCW at 605 ^oC (a, c, e) and 640 ^oC (b, d, f) for 300 h (a, b), 800 h (c, d) and 2000 h (e, f)

Fig.9 Depth profiles of main elements on the cross sections of oxide scales formed on Super304H stainless steel after oxidation in SCW at 605 ^oC (a, b) and 640 ^oC (c, d) for 300 h (a, c) and 2000 h (b, d)

Fig.10 Magnified images of the regions near the oxide film/substrate interface and element distributions along the labeled lines for Super304H stainless steel oxidized for 2000 h at 605 ^oC (a) and 640 ^oC (b)

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of growth process of oxide scale on austenitic steel in supercritical water

1	Wu Y. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Super304H superheater steel tube in service [J]. Heat Treat. Met., 2022, 47: 205 doi: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2022.11.036
	吴跃. 服役态Super304H过热器钢管显微组织及力学性能 [J]. 金属热处理, 2022, 47: 205
2	Hansson A N, Korcakova L, Hald J, et al. Long term steam oxidation of TP 347H FG in power plants [J]. Mater. High Temp., 2005, 22: 263
3	Rosser J C, Bass M I, Cooper C, et al. Steam oxidation of Super 304H and shot-peened Super 304H [J]. Mater. High Temp., 2012, 29: 95
4	Dudziak T, Łukaszewicz M, Simms N, et al. Steam oxidation of TP347HFG, super 304H and HR3C-analysis of significance of steam flowrate and specimen surface finish [J]. Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2015, 50: 272
5	Zhang N Q, Zhu Z L, Yue G Q, et al. The oxidation behaviour of an austenitic steel in deaerated supercritical water at 600-700 ^oC [J]. Mater. Charact., 2017, 132: 119
6	Song C Y, Liu S Q. Experimental study on growth rate of oxide scale on superheater and reheater tubes in ultra-supercritical units [J]. Thermal Power Generat., 2016, 45: 120
	朱朝阳, 刘绍强. 超超临界机组过/再热器氧化皮生长试验研究 [J]. 热力发电, 2016, 45: 120
7	Ma Y H, Wang Y F. Research on prediction method for growth and exfoliation of steam oxide of heat-resistant steels [J]. J. Chin. Soc. Power Eng., 2022, 42: 604
	马云海, 王延峰. 耐热钢蒸汽氧化膜生长和剥落的预测方法研究 [J]. 动力工程学报, 2022, 42: 604 doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.07.003
8	Zhu Z L, Li Y Y, Ma C H, et al. The corrosion behavior of nickel-based alloy Inconel 740 H in supercritical water [J]. Corros. Sci., 2021, 192: 109848
9	Li H Y, Cao Q, Zhu Z L. Oxidation behaviour of Super 304H stainless steel in supercritical water [J]. Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2018, 53: 293
10	Evans H E. Spallation models and their relevance to steam-grown oxides [J]. Mater. High Temp., 2005, 22: 155
11	Huntz A M, Andrieux M, Molins R. Relation between the oxidation mechanism of nickel, the microstructure and mechanical resistance of NiO films and the nickel purity. II. Mechanical resistance of NiO films [J]. Mat. Sci. Eng., 2006, 417A: 8
12	Lei M K, Xu Z C, Yang F J, et al. Interface fracture mechanics of failure for oxide scale on superalloy [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2004, 40: 1104
	雷明凯, 徐忠成, 杨辅军等. 高温合金氧化膜破坏的界面断裂力学分析 [J]. 金属学报, 2004, 40: 1104
13	Moon C O, Lee S B. Analysis on failures of protective-oxide layers and cyclic oxidation [J]. Oxid. Met., 1993, 39: 1
14	Hu H L, Zhou Z J, Li M, et al. Study of the corrosion behavior of a 18Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened steel in supercritical water [J]. Corros. Sci., 2012, 65: 209
15	Nezakat M, Akhiani H, Penttilä S, et al. Effect of thermo-mechanical processing on oxidation of austenitic stainless steel 316L in supercritical water [J]. Corros. Sci., 2015, 94: 197
16	Ziemniak S E, Hanson M. Corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in high temperature, hydrogenated water [J]. Corros. Sci., 2002, 44: 2209
17	Yanar N M, Lutz B S, Garcia-Fresnillo L, et al. The effects of water vapor on the oxidation behavior of alumina forming austenitic stainless steels [J]. Oxid. Met., 2015, 84: 541
18	Liu H H, Liu G M, Li F T, et al. Oxidation behavior of TP439 stainless steel in water vapor at 800 ^oC [J]. J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot., 2023, 43: 377
	刘欢欢, 刘光明, 李富天等. TP439不锈钢在800 ℃高温水蒸气中的初期氧化行为 [J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43: 377 doi: 10.11902/1005.4537.2022.149
19	Fulger M, Mihalache M, Ohai D, et al. Analyses of oxide films grown on AISI 304L stainless steel and Incoloy 800HT exposed to supercritical water environment [J]. J. Nucl. Mater., 2011, 415: 147
20	Kuang W J, Wu X Q, Han E H. The oxidation behaviour of 304 stainless steel in oxygenated high temperature water [J]. Corros. Sci., 2010, 52: 4081
21	Asteman H, Svensson J E, Norell M, et al. Influence of water vapor and flow rate on the high-temperature oxidation of 304L; effect of chromium oxide hydroxide evaporation [J]. Oxid. Met., 2000, 54: 11
22	Zhu Z L, Li R T, Liu X, et al. The characterization of oxide scales formed on ferritic-martensitic steel in supercritical water with dissolved oxygen [J]. Corros. Sci., 2020, 174: 108810

[1]	GUO Jingbo, YANG Shouhua, ZHOU Ziyi, MU Rende, XIE Yun, SHU Xiaoyong, DAI Jianwei, PENG Xiao. High-temperature Oxidation Behavior of Laser Additively Manufactured AlCoCrFeNiSi High Entropy Alloy[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(1): 217-223.
[2]	PEI Haiqing, XIAO Jingbo, LI Wei, YU Haoyu, WEN Zhixun, YUE Zhufeng. First Principles Study on Effect of Al-O Element Aggregation on Oxidation of a Ni-based Single Crystal Superalloy[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(1): 173-181.
[3]	ZHANG Caiyun, LI Shuai, BAO Zebin, ZHU Shenglong, WANG Fuhui. Stripping and Refurbishment of (Ni, Pt)Al Coating After Service for Different Oxidation Durations[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(1): 201-208.
[4]	ZHANG Han, LIU Xuanzhen, HUANG Aihui, ZHAO Xiaofeng, LU Jie. Manufacturing and Research Progress in Metallic Bond Coats for Thermal Barrier Coatings[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(1): 20-32.
[5]	WU Liangliang, YIN Ruozhan, CHEN Zhaoxu, LIANG Junyue, SUN Qingqing, WU Liankui, CAO Fahe. Preparation and High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Zr-SiO₂ Composite Coating on Ti45Al8.5Nb Alloy[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(6): 1423-1434.
[6]	ZHU Huiwen, ZHENG Li, ZHANG Hao, YU Baoyi, CUI Zhibo. Effect of Be on Oxidation Behavior and Flame Retardancy of WE43 Mg-alloy at High-temperature[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(4): 1022-1028.
[7]	YUAN Xiaohu, LI Dingjun, WANG Tianjian, GUO Xianping, ZHANG Naiqiang, ZHU Zhongliang. Oxidation Behavior of Three Different Ni-Cr Coatings in 630^oC/25 MPa Supercritical Water[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(1): 119-129.
[8]	YU Chenjun, ZHANG Tianyi, ZHANG Naiqiang, ZHU Zhongliang. Influence of Thermal Aging on Corrosion Behavior of Ferritic-martensitic Steel P92 in Supercritical Water[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(6): 1349-1357.
[9]	LIU Shuyu, GENG Shujiang, WANG Jinlong, WANG Fuhui, SUN Qingyun, WU Yong, DUAN Haitao, XIA Siyao, XIA Chunhuai. High Temperature Oxidation and Solid Na₂SO₄ Induced Corrosion of CVD Aluminide Coating on K444 Alloy in Air[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(3): 553-560.
[10]	HE Nankai, WANG Yongxin, ZHOU Shengguo, ZHOU Dapeng, LI Jinlong. Oxidation Behavior in Water Vapor and Tribological Property in Atmosphere with 60%Relative Humidity at 580 ℃ for Inconel 718 Alloy[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(2): 271-279.
[11]	YANG Yifan, SUN Wenyao, CHEN Minghui, WANG Jinlong, WANG Fuhui. Oxidation Behavior of a Single Crystal Ni-based Superalloy N5 and Its Nanocrystalline Coating at 900 ℃ in O₂ and O₂+20%H₂O Environment[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(1): 55-61.
[12]	ZHU Zhongliang, MA Chenhao, LI Yuyang, XIAO Bo, YUAN Xiaohu, WANG Shuo, XU Hong, ZHANG Naiqiang. Oxidation Behavior of Nickel-based Alloy Inconel617B in Supercritical Water at 700 ℃[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2022, 42(4): 655-661.
[13]	YIN Xubao, LI Yuqiao, GAO Rongjie. Preparation of Superhydrophobic Surface on Copper Substrate and Its Corrosion Resistance[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2022, 42(1): 93-98.
[14]	ZHANG Jie, QU Jiyu, LU Jinling, LIU Qian, LUO Xingqi. Sulfidation Corrosion Behavior of Nickel-based Alloys (Incoloy800, 825 and 625) in Sub/supercritical Water[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2021, 41(6): 892-898.
[15]	LI Ruitao, XIAO Bo, LIU Xiao, ZHU Zhongliang, CHENG Yi, LI Junwan, CAO Jieyu, DING Haimin, ZHANG Naiqiang. Corrosion Behavior of Low Alloy Heat-resistant Steel T23 in High-temperature Supercritical Carbon Dioxide[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2021, 41(3): 327-334.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed