Please wait a minute...
Just Accepted | Current Issue | Archive | Featured Articles | Special Issue | Most Read | Most Downloaded | Most Cited
Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2024, Vol. 44 Issue (5): 1243-1254    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2023.390
Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Electrochemical and Wear Behavior of TC4 Alloy in Marine Environment
FENG Shaoyu1, ZHOU Zhaohui1, YANG Lanlan1(), QIAO Yanxin1, WANG Jinlong2, WANG Fuhui2
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Cite this article: 

FENG Shaoyu, ZHOU Zhaohui, YANG Lanlan, QIAO Yanxin, WANG Jinlong, WANG Fuhui. Electrochemical and Wear Behavior of TC4 Alloy in Marine Environment. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2024, 44(5): 1243-1254.

Download:  HTML  PDF(9070KB) 
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract  

With the rapid development of utilization and exploitation of deep-sea resources, the demand of marine engineering structural materials with lightweight and corrosion-resistant becomes urgent. TC4 alloy has attracted widespread attention for its excellent strength and corrosion resistance in seawater. Herein, the electrochemical behavior and friction-wear performance of TC4 alloy in simulated seawaters with different pH value is studied. The alloy performs better in the neutral simulated seawater (pH = 7) rather than in the acidic ones (pH = 2). After examination of the friction and wear behavior of TC4 alloy in the simulated seawater, it is indicated that the presence of seawater is favorite the reduction of the friction coefficient and wear loss. The existence of the seawater made the wear mechanism changed from the oxidative- and abrasive-wear in air to the corrosive- and fatigue-wear. At the same time, through the experiments by the combination of electrochemical corrosion-wear loading in the simulated seawater, it follows that by the combined action of sea water and the cyclic wear load, the passivation film on the TC4 alloy surface may experience alternating damaging- and repairing-processes. When the damage speed of passivation film exceeds repair speed, its protective effect no longer exists, in other word, the damaged passivation film may accelerate the TC4 alloy corrosion. However, when the cyclic load is removed, the passivation film of TC4 alloy may completely be repaired in the simulated seawater.
Key words:  TC4 alloy      frictional wear      electrochemistry      marine environment     
Received:  16 December 2023      32134.14.1005.4537.2023.390
ZTFLH:  TG172.5  
Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52001142);Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)
Corresponding Authors:  YANG Lanlan, E-mail: lanlanyang@just.edu.cn
Service
E-mail this article
Add to citation manager
E-mail Alert
RSS
（）
Articles by authors
FENG Shaoyu
ZHOU Zhaohui
YANG Lanlan
QIAO Yanxin
WANG Jinlong
WANG Fuhui

URL: 

https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2023.390     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2024/V44/I5/1243

Fig.1  Nyquist (a) and Bode (b) plots of TC4 alloy in simulated seawater with different pH values，and equivalent circuit models corresponding to the cases of pH = 2 (c) and pH = 7 and 12 (d)
pH

Rs

Ω·cm2

Q1

Ω-1·s n ·cm-2

n

Rp

Ω·cm2

Q2

Ω-1·s n ·cm-2

Rct

Ω·cm2

210.532.35 × 10-50.882.77 × 1031.05 × 10-44.68 × 1010
710.271.41 × 10-50.872.43 × 106--
1211.521.67 × 10-50.935.22 × 105--
Table 1  Fitting results of electrochemical impedance spectra of TC4 alloy in simulated seawater with different pH values
Fig.2  Potentiodynamic polarization curves of TC4 alloy in simulated seawater with different pH values
pHEcorr / VSCEIcorr / A·cm-2
2-0.412.45 × 10-7
7-0.511.06 × 10-8
12-0.614.74 × 10-8
Table 2  Fitting parameters of potentiodynamic polarization curves of TC4 alloy in simulated seawater with different pH values
Fig.3  Surface morphologies of TC4 alloy after potentiodynamic polarization in simulated seawater at pH = 2 (a), 7 (b), and 12 (c)
Fig.4  Friction coefficient curves of TC4 alloy in air (a) and simulated seawater (b)
Fig.5  Histogram of the average friction coefficients of TC4 alloy in air and simulated seawater
Fig.6  Cross-sectional curves of wear marks of TC4 alloy after wear test in air (a), and 3D contour maps under 10 N (b), 15 N(c) and 20 N (d)
Fig.7  Cross-sectional curves of wear marks of TC4 alloy after wear test in simulated seawater (a), and 3D contour maps under 10 N (b), 15 N (c) and 20 N (d)
Fig.8  SEM morphologies of wear marks of TC4 alloy after wear tests in air (a-c) and simulated seawater (d-f) under 10 N (a, d), 15 N (b, e) and 20 N (c, f)
Fig.9  Potentiodynamic polarization curves of TC4 alloy during wear test at different loads
LoadEcorr / VSCEIcorr / A·cm-2
0 N-0.511.06 × 10-8
10 N-0.442.47 × 10-6
15 N-0.491.41 × 10-5
20 N-0.523.38 × 10-5
Table 3  Fitting parameters of dynamic potential polarization curves of TC4 alloy during wear test at different loads
Fig.10  Open-circuit potential curves of TC4 alloy during wear tests under different loads
Fig.11  Potential-pH diagram of Ti-Cl--H2O system[44]
Fig.12  Histogram of wear amounts of TC4 alloy after wear tests in air and simulated seawater under different loads
1 Verichev S N, Mishakin V V, Nuzhdin D A, et al. Experimental study of abrasive wear of structural materials under the high hydrostatic pressure [J]. Ocean Eng., 2015, 99: 9
2 Traverso P, Canepa E. A review of studies on corrosion of metals and alloys in deep-sea environment [J]. Ocean Eng., 2014, 87: 10
3 Cui Z Y, Chen S S, Dou Y P, et al. Passivation behavior and surface chemistry of 2507 super duplex stainless steel in artificial seawater: influence of dissolved oxygen and pH [J]. Corros. Sci., 2019, 150: 218
4 Qiao Y X, Tian Z H, Cai X, et al. Cavitation erosion behaviors of a nickel-free high-nitrogen stainless steel [J]. Tribol. Lett., 2019, 67: 1
5 Li L, Qiao Y X, Zhang L M, et al. Effect of surface damage induced by cavitation erosion on pitting and passive behaviors of 304L stainless steel [J]. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2023, 30: 1338
6 Wang Y, Liu Y H, Mu X L, et al. Effect of environmental factors on material transfer in thin liquid film during atmospheric corrosion process in marine environment [J]. J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot., 2023, 43: 1015
汪 洋, 刘元海, 慕仙莲 等. 海洋气候大气腐蚀过程环境因素对薄液膜内物质传递的影响 [J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43: 1015
7 Basumatary J, Wood R J K. Synergistic effects of cavitation erosion and corrosion for nickel aluminium bronze with oxide film in 3.5% NaCl solution [J]. Wear, 2017, 376/377: 1286
8 Barr C, Pateras A, Molotnikov A, et al. Effect of composition on the tensile and corrosion performance of nickel aluminium bronze produced via laser powder bed fusion [J]. Addit. Manuf., 2022, 54: 102771
9 Deng C M, Liu Z, Xia D H, et al. Localized corrosion mechanism of 5083-H111 Al alloy in simulated dynamic seawater zone [J]. J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot., 2023, 43: 683
邓成满, 刘喆, 夏大海 等. 5083-H111铝合金在模拟动态海水环境中的局部腐蚀机制 [J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43: 683
doi: 10.11902/1005.4537.2023.140
10 Cheng H X, Luo H, Wang X F, et al. Electrochemical corrosion and passive behavior of a new high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel in chloride environment [J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2022, 292: 126837
11 Shi F, Tian P C, Jia N, et al. Improving intergranular corrosion resistance in a nickel-free and manganese-bearing high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel through grain boundary character distribution optimization [J]. Corros. Sci., 2016, 107: 49
12 Zhu M, He F, Yuan Y F, et al. A comparative study on the corrosion behavior of CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy and 316L stainless steel in simulated marine environment [J]. Intermetallics, 2021, 139: 107370
13 Kumar P, Michalek M, Cook D H, et al. On the strength and fracture toughness of an additive manufactured CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy [J]. Acta Mater., 2023, 258: 119249
14 Tang Y B, Shen X W, Qiao Y X, et al. Corrosion behavior of a selective laser melted inconel 718 alloy in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution [J]. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2021, 30: 5506
15 Philip J T, Mathew J, Kuriachen B. Tribology of Ti6Al4V: a review [J]. Friction, 2019, 7: 497
doi: 10.1007/s40544-019-0338-7
16 Chen T, Li W P, Liu D F, et al. Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC/TiB composite bioinert ceramic coatings in-situ synthesized by laser cladding on Ti6Al4V [J]. Ceram. Int., 2021, 47: 755
17 Dong Y C, Huang S, Wang Y Y, et al. Stress corrosion cracking of TC4 ELI alloy with different microstructure in 3.5% NaCl solution [J]. Mater. Charact., 2022, 194: 112357
18 Jiang X J, Meng Y G, Zhang J T, et al. Optimization of pitting corrosion resistance of TC4-30Zr alloy by laser surface remelting [J]. J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2023, 26: 8879
19 Feng X T, Lei J B, Gu H, et al. Effect of scanning speeds on electrochemical corrosion resistance of laser cladding TC4 alloy [J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2019, 28: 026802
20 Sun Z P, He G Y, Meng Q J, et al. Corrosion mechanism investigation of TiN/Ti coating and TC4 alloy for aircraft compressor application [J]. Chin. J. Aeronaut., 2020, 33: 1824
21 Lin L Y, Tian Y H, Yu W X, et al. Corrosion and hardness characteristics of Ti/TiN-modified Ti6Al4V alloy in marine environment [J]. Ceram. Int., 2022, 48: 34848
22 Krawiec H, Vignal V, Schwarzenboeck E, et al. Role of plastic deformation and microstructure in the micro-electrochemical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V in sodium chloride solution [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2013, 104: 400
23 Zhu L J, Feng C, Zhang K, et al. Research progress on properties and application of titanium alloy oil country tubular goods [J]. Mater. Sci. Forum, 2022, 1071: 56
24 Liu Q, Liu H T, Xie J F, et al. Influence of Ru on structure and corrosion behavior of passive film on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in oil and gas exploration conditions [J]. Sci. Rep., 2022, 12: 16586
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21047-0 pmid: 36198740
25 Zhao M F, Liu H T, Liu Q, et al. Investigation on electrochemical behaviour and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Ni-0.5Nb-0.05Ru alloy in simulated conditions for oil and gas exploration [J]. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2022, 17: 22075
26 Almeraya-Calderón F, Jáquez-Muñoz J M, Maldonado-Bandala E, et al. Corrosion resistance of titanium alloys anodized in alkaline solutions [J]. Metals, 2023, 13: 1510
27 Maracci D, Alfano G, Serpieri R, et al. Characterising interfaces for reinforced concrete: experiments and multiplane cohesive zone modelling for titanium alloy rebars [J]. Eur. J. Mech. A Solids, 2019, 75: 258
28 Cheng R H, Luo X T, Huang G S, et al. Corrosion and wear resistant WC17Co-TC4 composite coatings with fully dense microstructure enabled by in-situ forging of the large-sized WC17Co particles in cold spray [J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2021, 296: 117231
29 Xiao M, Wang Q Y, Zhang X S, et al. Effect of laser quenching on microstructure, corrosion and wear behavior of AISI 4130 steel [J]. J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot., 2023, 43: 713
肖 檬, 王勤英, 张兴寿 等. 激光淬火对AISI 4130钢微观组织结构及腐蚀、磨损行为的影响机制 [J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43: 713
30 Zhang P, Shan L, Su X L, et al. Microstructure and tribological performance of CrTiSiCN coatings on 316L and TC4 in seawater [J]. Tribol. Int., 2021, 156: 106832
31 Zhou W H, Song J, Chen Z H, et al. Effect of low temperature degradation on tribological properties of YSZ thermal barrier coatings [J]. J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot., 2023, 43: 261
周文晖, 宋 健, 陈泽浩 等. 水热腐蚀老化对热障涂层的摩擦磨损性能的影响 [J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43: 261
doi: 10.11902/1005.4537.2022.075
32 Chen J, Yan F Y. Tribocorrosion behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V and Monel K500 alloys sliding against 316 stainless steel in artificial seawater [J]. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2012, 22: 1356
33 Chen J, Zhang Q. Effect of electrochemical state on corrosion-wear behaviors of TC4 alloy in artificial seawater [J]. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2016, 26: 1011
34 Yang X, Wang W L, Ma W J, et al. Corrosion and wear properties of micro-arc oxidation treated Ti6Al4V alloy prepared by selective electron beam melting [J]. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2020, 30: 2132
35 Qiao Y X, Zheng Y G, Ke W, et al. Electrochemical behaviour of high nitrogen stainless steel in acidic solutions [J]. Corros. Sci., 2009, 51: 979
36 Wang S, Zhao Y H, Xu X T, et al. Evolution of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Al0.6CoFeNiCr0.4 high-entropy alloys at different heat treatment temperature [J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2020, 244: 122700
37 Yang Z, Yu M, Han C, et al. Evolution and corrosion resistance of passive film with polarization potential on Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Fe-1Cr alloy in simulated marine environments [J]. Corros. Sci., 2023, 221: 111334
38 Xie F X, He X B, Cao S L, et al. Influence of pore characteristics on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of selective laser sintered porous Ti-Mo alloys for biomedical applications [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2013, 105: 121
39 Wang Y B, Zhao W, Li L, et al. Relation of normal load with test temperature at mild–severe wear transition state for Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy [J]. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2021, 31: 2986
40 Milošev I, Metikoš-Huković M, Strehblow H H. Passive film on orthopaedic TiAlV alloy formed in physiological solution investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [J]. Biomaterials, 2000, 21: 2103
doi: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00145-9 pmid: 10966021
41 Henry P, Takadoum J, Berçot P. Tribocorrosion of 316L stainless steel and TA6V4 alloy in H2SO4 media [J]. Corros. Sci., 2009, 51: 1308
42 Qiao Y X, Qin Y, Zhou H L, et al. Electrochemical hydrogen charging on corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in artificial seawater [J]. Chin. J. Mech. Eng., 2024, 37: 2
43 Wu W, Liu J, Liu Z Y, et al. Surface characterization of the commercially pure titanium after hydrogen charging and its electrochemical characteristics in artificial seawater [J]. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2018, 822: 23
44 Kelsall G H, Robbins D J. Thermodynamics of Ti-H2O-F(-Fe) systems at 298 K [J]. J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem., 1990, 283: 135
45 Tao S, Li D Y. Investigation of corrosion–wear synergistic attack on nanocrystalline Cu deposits [J]. Wear, 2007, 263: 363
46 Xu Y D, Qi J H, Nutter J, et al. Correlation between the formation of tribofilm and repassivation in biomedical titanium alloys during tribocorrosion [J]. Tribol. Int., 2021, 163: 107147
47 Murkute P, Ramkumar J, Choudhary S, et al. Effect of alternate corrosion and wear on the overall degradation of a dual phase and a mild steel [J]. Wear, 2016, 368/369: 368
48 Zhou H Y, Shi X L, Lu G C, et al. Friction and wear behaviors of TC4 alloy with surface microporous channels filled by Sn-Ag-Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2020, 387: 125552
49 Wu J J, Shen M L, Wang W, et al. High power arc ion plating of thick Cr2N hard coating on Ti-based alloys: oxidation and wear behaviors [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2022, 448: 128924
50 Pang M H, Zhai S J, Hu Y K, et al. Tribological properties of 304 stainless steel with rainwater corrosion [J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2023, 297: 127329
[1] SU Zhicheng, ZHANG Xian, CHENG Yan, LIU Jing, WU Kaiming. Comparative Study on Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Ultrafine Bainitic Steel and Q&P Steel with Same Composition in Seawater[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(6): 1495-1506.
[2] ZHANG Yani, WANG Simin, FAN Bing. Corrosion and Passivation Behavior of TC4 Ti-alloy in a Simulated Downhole Liquid in High-temperature and High-pressed O2 + CO2 Environment[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(6): 1518-1528.
[3] XIE Wenzhen, WANG Zhenyu, HAN En-Hou. Passivation Behavior of Corrosion Resistant Rebar Steels as Bare Steels in a Simulated Concrete Pore Fluid and as Rebar Steels Embedded in Concrete Made of Cement and Sea-sand in a Simulated Seawater[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(6): 1454-1464.
[4] ZHANG Juhuan, LIU Jing, PENG Jingjing, ZHANG Xian, WU Kaiming. Electrochemical Performance of a Novel Al-Zn-In-Sn-La Sacrificial Anode Alloy in Simulated Marine Environments[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(5): 1223-1233.
[5] LYU Xiaoming, WANG Zhenyu, HAN En-Hou. Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Nano-ZrO2 Modified Epoxy Thermal Insulation Coatings[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(5): 1234-1242.
[6] ZHU Liyang, CHEN Junquan, ZHANG Xinxin, DONG Zehua, CAI Guangyi. Research Progress of Effect of Magnetic Field on Metal Corrosion[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(5): 1117-1124.
[7] PENG Wenshan, XING Shaohua, QIAN Yao, LIN Cunguo, HOU Jian, ZHANG Dalei. Effect of Flowing Seawater on Corrosion Characteristics of Passivation Film on TA2 Pure-Ti Pipes[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(4): 1038-1046.
[8] XING Shaohua, PENG Wenshan, QIAN Yao, LI Xiangbo, MA Li, ZHANG Dalei. Effect of Seawater Flow Velocity on Pitting Corrosion of 2205 Stainless Steel with Different Surface Treatments[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(3): 658-668.
[9] DAI Wei, LIU Yuanyuan, TU Wenrui, SUN Yangting, LI Jin, JIANG Yiming. Corrosion Behavior of Ag/Sn Galvanic Couple at Applied Potential[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(3): 700-706.
[10] WANG Tongtong, ZHANG Juanrui, GAO Yun, GAO Rongjie. Preparation of Lotus Root-like TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in NH4F-(NH4)2SO4 Composite Electrolyte and Its Photogenerated Cathodic Protection Performance[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(2): 389-395.
[11] LI Wenjie, CHE Xiaoyu, TANG Yongcun, LIU Guangming, TIAN Wenming, HE Hualin, LIU Chenhui. Effect of Plastic Deformation Processing on Corrosion Behavior of Pure Zinc in a Leaching Solution of Soil at Tianjin[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(2): 497-504.
[12] ZHAO Guoxian, LIU Ranran, DING Langyong, ZHANG Siqi, GUO Menglong, WANG Yingchao. Effect of Temperature on CO2-inducedCorrosion Behavior of 5Cr Steel in a Simulated Oilfield Produced High-temperature and High-pressured Water[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(1): 175-186.
[13] WANG Pengjie, SONG Yuhao, FAN Lin, DENG Kuanhai, LI Zhonghui, MEI Zongbin, GUO Lei, LIN Yuanhua. Inhibition of Q235 Steel in 1 mol/L HCl Solution by a New Efficient Imidazolium Schiff Base Corrosion Inhibitor[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(1): 59-70.
[14] BAI Xuehan, DING Kangkang, ZHANG Penghui, FAN Lin, ZHANG Huixia, LIU Shaotong. Accelerated Corrosion Test of AH36 Ship Hull Steel in Marine Environment[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(1): 187-196.
[15] LIU Guoqiang, ZHANG Dongfang, CHEN Haoxiang, FAN Zhihong, XIONG Jianbo, WU Qingfa. Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of 2304 Duplex Stainless Steel in a Simulated Pore Solution in Reinforced Concrete Serving in Marine Environment[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(1): 204-212.
No Suggested Reading articles found!

Copyright © 2017 Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, All Rights Reserved.
Editorial Office: Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection, 72 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, China
Tel: +86- 024-23971318, Fax: +86-024-23971819 　E-mail: jcscp@imr.ac.cn
Powered by Beijing Magtech