Formation of Malachite Rusts on Bronze in Environments with Excess of CO2

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2013.041

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2014, Vol. 34

Issue (1): 82-88 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2013.041

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Formation of Malachite Rusts on Bronze in Environments with Excess of CO₂

WU Taotao¹, MENG Weiwei¹, BAO Zhirong¹, LI Yang^2,³, PAN Chunxu^1,³(

)

1. School of Physics and Technology and Center for Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
2. School of History, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
3. Center for Archaeometry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

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Abstract

The formation of rusts consisted mainly of malachite on bronze was simulated with a new process, by which the corrosion test of bronze samples was performed in controllable environments with excess of CO₂ contents, water vapor and chlorine ions. The chemical composition, microstructure and phase constituents of the corrosion products were characterized by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman microscopy. The results revealed that the characteristics of corrosion products were related with the content of CO₂ and H₂O in the environment. The growth mechanism of the rusts in these environments was discussed and the suggestions for preservation of the ancient bronzes were proposed.

Key words: bronze malachite corrosion product CO₂ atmosphere environment

Received: 01 April 2013

ZTFLH:	TG172.6
	K876.41

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	Taotao WU
	Weiwei MENG
	Zhirong BAO
	Yang LI
	Chunxu PAN

Cite this article:

WU Taotao, MENG Weiwei, BAO Zhirong, LI Yang, PAN Chunxu. Formation of Malachite Rusts on Bronze in Environments with Excess of CO₂. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2014, 34(1): 82-88.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2013.041 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2014/V34/I1/82

Fig.1 Optical microscopy image (a) and SEM images (b, c) of the surface of sample I

Fig.2 XRD pattern of corrosion products of sample I

Fig.3 Raman spectra of the corrosion product of sample I: (a) 100~1700 cm^-1, (b) 3200~3700 cm^-¹

Fig.4 Raman spectrum of the corrosion product of sample I in the range of 100~700 cm^-¹

Fig.5 Optical microscopy image (a) and SEM images (b, c) of the surface of sample II

Fig.6 XRD pattern of corrosion products of sample II

Fig.7 Raman spectra of the corrosion product of sample II:(a) 100~1700 cm^-¹, (b) 3200~3700 cm^-¹

Fig.8 Raman spectrum of the corrosion product of sample II in the range of 100~700 cm^-¹

Fig.9 Optical microscopy image (a) and SEM images (b, c) of the surface of sample III

Fig.10 XRD pattern of corrosion products of sample III

Fig.11 Raman spectra of the corrosion product of sample III: (a) 100~1700 cm^-¹, (b) 3200~3700 cm^-¹

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