模拟海洋大气环境下冲刷载荷对<strong>Q355</strong>钢的腐蚀规律研究

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.252

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (3): 717-729 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.252 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.252

研究报告

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模拟海洋大气环境下冲刷载荷对Q355钢的腐蚀规律研究

钟振坤¹, 关蕾¹(

), 傅汉龙¹, 王俊², 刘淼然², 揭敢新²

^1.广东工业大学省部共建精密电子制造技术与装备国家重点实验室广州 510006
^2.中国电器科学研究院股份有限公司工业产品环境适应性全国重点实验室广州 510663

Corrosion Behavior of Q355 Steel Under Erosion Load in a Simulated Marine Atmospheric Environment

ZHONG Zhenkun¹, GUAN Lei¹(

), FU Hanlong¹, WANG Jun², LIU Miaoran², JIE Ganxin²

^1.State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Jointly Built by the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Adaptability of Industrial Products, China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China

引用本文:

钟振坤, 关蕾, 傅汉龙, 王俊, 刘淼然, 揭敢新. 模拟海洋大气环境下冲刷载荷对Q355钢的腐蚀规律研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(3): 717-729.
Zhenkun ZHONG, Lei GUAN, Hanlong FU, Jun WANG, Miaoran LIU, Ganxin JIE. Corrosion Behavior of Q355 Steel Under Erosion Load in a Simulated Marine Atmospheric Environment[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(3): 717-729.

全文: PDF(18452 KB) HTML

摘要:

Q355钢作为一种高强度钢，广泛应用于海工装备和船舰。其所在的服役环境恶劣，高温、高湿、高盐、强紫外光照使得Q355钢极易发生腐蚀。尤其耦合海水和氯盐砂砾的冲击载荷，关键钢结构将加速失效，甚至出现灾难性事故。澄清实际服役工况下，Q355钢的腐蚀机理对于防腐及冶金工艺开发至关重要，但目前冲刷载荷对多元环境作用下Q355钢的腐蚀加速规律尚不明晰。因此，本研究通过锈层形貌观察与成分测量，采用动电位极化曲线及电化学阻抗表征Q355钢腐蚀动力学，结合加速因子分析，探究冲刷载荷对Q355钢加速腐蚀机理。研究表明：冲刷加快Q355钢腐蚀的主要原因是冲刷载荷损伤基体表面造成缺陷，劣化锈层结构并减弱其自修复能力。冲刷和多元环境耦合影响锈层结构与成分，两者对腐蚀速率影响占比分别为49%和51%。冲刷动态调控阴阳极反应，其中28%的腐蚀电流密度受控于冲刷。综合形貌、成分和电化学结果得出冲刷对Q355钢腐蚀的加速因子为1.28。

关键词 ： Q355钢, 海洋大气, 冲刷腐蚀, 循环实验, 加速因子

Abstract：

Q355 steel, a high-strength low-alloy steel is extensively used in offshore structures and naval vessels. Its service environment is extremely aggressive, characterized by elevated temperature, high humidity, elevated salinity, and intense ultraviolet radiation, which renders Q355 steel highly susceptible to corrosion. Particularly, when coupled with the impingement of seawater and chloride-laden sand, the imposed erosion loads dramatically accelerate the degradation of critical Q355 steel components, potentially leading to catastrophic failure. Clarifying the corrosion mechanism of Q355 steel in realistic service conditions is therefore crucial for guiding corrosion-mitigation strategies and refining metallurgical processes. Nevertheless, the acceleration laws governing erosion-induced corrosion in multi-factor environments remain poorly elucidated. In this study, rust-layer morphology and composition are examined, while potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are employed to quantify the corrosion kinetics of the Q355 steel. Acceleration factors are further calculated to assess the erosion contribution. Results demonstrate that erosion markedly accelerates the corrosion of Q355 steel primarily by mechanically damaging the substrate surface, generating defects that deteriorate the rust layer and diminish its self-healing capability. Under the synergistic influence of erosion and multi-factors of the environment, these two factors may alter the rust-layer structure and composition, contributing 49% and 51%, respectively, to the overall corrosion rate. Erosion dynamically modulates the anodic and cathodic reactions, with 28% of the corrosion current density directly governed by the erosion action. Integrating morphological, compositional, and electrochemical data yields an acceleration factor of 1.28 for erosion-induced corrosion of the Q355 steel.

Key words： Q355 steel marine atmosphere erosion corrosion cyclic test acceleration factor

收稿日期: 2025-08-07 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.252

ZTFLH:

TG172

基金资助:广东省自然科学基金(20251515010038);广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515012655);广州开发区国际合作项目(2023GH11);阳江市人才专项资金(RCZX2024004);广东省重点领域研发计划(2022B0101100001)

通讯作者: 关蕾，E-mail：lguan@gdut.edu.cn，研究方向为零件腐蚀机理与防护技术

Corresponding author: GUAN Lei, E-mail: lguan@gdut.edu.cn

作者简介: 钟振坤，男，2001年生，硕士生

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图1 简易冲刷实验装置示意

表1 单循环实验周期安排

表2 循环实验参数细则

图2 无冲刷下Q355钢宏观腐蚀形貌

图3 冲刷下Q355钢宏观腐蚀形貌

图4 无冲刷下Q355钢的锈层截面形貌

图5 有冲刷下Q355钢的锈层截面形貌

图6 有无冲刷腐蚀下Q355钢的 XRD图谱

表3 Q355钢的锈层成分含量

图7 Q355钢在有无冲刷下的动电位极化曲线

表4 Q355钢在有无冲刷下动极化电化学参数

图8 无冲刷下Q355钢的EIS谱图

图9 有冲刷下Q355钢的EIS测试结果

图10 Q355钢等效电路图

表5 Q355钢的等效电路拟合参数值

图11 冲刷-环境耦合腐蚀机理

表6 截面形貌缺陷参数

表7 成分结构多元线性回归方程分析结果

表8 加速比例结果

表9 实验类别多元线性回归方程分析结果

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