几种<strong>17Cr</strong>系不锈钢在氯化物蒸汽中的腐蚀行为研究

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.114

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (2): 576-582 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.114 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.114

研究报告

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几种17Cr系不锈钢在氯化物蒸汽中的腐蚀行为研究

张金宇¹, 李欣²^,³, 张磊¹, 陈志华¹, 杜雨昕¹, 冯贺鑫¹, 张雪², 张洋鹏²(

), 林如山¹(

), 李瑛², 戎利建²

^1.中国原子能科学研究院北京 102413
^2.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016
^3.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016

Corrosion Behavior of Several 17Cr-type Stainless Steels in Chloride Salts Vapor

ZHANG Jinyu¹, LI Xin²^,³, ZHANG Lei¹, CHEN Zhihua¹, DU Yuxin¹, FENG Hexin¹, ZHANG Xue², ZHANG Yangpeng²(

), LIN Rushan¹(

), LI Ying², RONG Lijian²

^1.China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
^2.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.School of Materials of Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

张金宇, 李欣, 张磊, 陈志华, 杜雨昕, 冯贺鑫, 张雪, 张洋鹏, 林如山, 李瑛, 戎利建. 几种17Cr系不锈钢在氯化物蒸汽中的腐蚀行为研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(2): 576-582.
Jinyu ZHANG, Xin LI, Lei ZHANG, Zhihua CHEN, Yuxin DU, Hexin FENG, Xue ZHANG, Yangpeng ZHANG, Rushan LIN, Ying LI, Lijian RONG. Corrosion Behavior of Several 17Cr-type Stainless Steels in Chloride Salts Vapor[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(2): 576-582.

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摘要:

模拟乏燃料电解反应容器所处的LiCl-KCl二元共晶盐蒸汽环境，研究Al、Mo改性17Cr系不锈钢在熔盐蒸汽环境中的腐蚀行为，揭示氯盐蒸汽对17Cr系不锈钢的腐蚀机制。结果表明，17Cr系不锈钢在550 ℃氯化物蒸汽中具有较大的腐蚀速率，且Cr无法形成致密的保护性氧化膜，腐蚀遵循“氯化-氧化”腐蚀机制。Al可通过形成稳定性高的Al₂O₃氧化物来提高合金的抗热腐蚀性能，而Mo自身在氯化物蒸汽中具有较高的稳定性，添加后也可以提高合金的抗腐蚀性能。组织结构在热腐蚀过程中具有重要的作用，不锈钢晶界/相界的减少可减少元素的快速扩散通道，从而在一定程度上减缓腐蚀。

关键词 ：氯化物蒸汽, 不锈钢, 热腐蚀, 氧化膜, 晶界

Abstract：

Corrosion behavior of three 17Cr stainless steels with different amount of Al and Mo in LiCl-KCl chloride salts vapor was investigated to simulate the degradation process of the steels in the service conditions of the electrolytic reaction vessel for spent fuel reprocessing, so that to reveal the relevant mechanism. The results indicate that the 17Cr stainless steels present relatively high corrosion rate in 550 ℃ chloride salts vapor, as a dense protective Cr₂O₃ oxide scale could not form, and the corrosion followed the so called “chlorination-oxidation” mechanism. The addition of Al can improve the corrosion resistance to chloride salts vapor at 550 ℃ to certain extent for the 17Cr stainless steel by forming an Al₂O₃ oxide scale of high stability. Meanwhile, the addition of Mo with high stability in chloride salts vapor can also improve the corrosion resistance of the 17Cr stainless steel. It is also noted that the microstructure of the steel may play a very important role in the corrosion process, as the rapid diffusion channel of the element can be reduced by a reduction in the grain- and phase-boundaries, thereby the corrosion of the steel may be slowed down to certain extent.

Key words： chloride vapor stainless steel hot corrosion oxide film grain boundary

收稿日期: 2025-04-08 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.114

ZTFLH:

TG172.6

基金资助:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA0410203)

通讯作者: 张洋鹏，E-mail：ypzhang@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为核用耐热钢;
林如山，E-mail：lrsh3@163.com，研究方向为干法后处理工艺

作者简介: 张金宇，男，1994年生，博士生

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	林如山
	李瑛
	戎利建
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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.114 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2026/V46/I2/576

表1 4种实验合金的化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 腐蚀实验装置示意图

图2 17Cr不锈钢在550 ℃、LiCl-KCl蒸汽中腐蚀100 h后的截面形貌及EDS能谱图

图3 17CrAl不锈钢在550 ℃、LiCl-KCl蒸汽中腐蚀100 h后的截面形貌及EDS能谱

图4 17CrMo不锈钢在550 ℃、LiCl-KCl蒸汽中腐蚀100 h后的截面形貌及EDS能谱

图5 17Cr2Mo不锈钢在550 ℃、LiCl-KCl蒸汽中腐蚀100 h后的截面形貌及EDS能谱

图6 几种17Cr不锈钢在550 ℃、LiCl-KCl蒸汽中腐蚀100 h后的氧化膜厚度

图7 17Cr、17CrAl、17CrMo、17Cr2Mo不锈钢的金相组织

表2 相关化学反应在550 ℃时的标准Gibbs自由能(HSC Chemistry 6计算)

图8 550 ℃下M-Cl2-O2 (M为金属元素)稳定相图(HSC Chemistry 6.0 计算)

图9 17Cr不锈钢显微组织及EDS线扫描能谱

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