Generally, stimuli-responsive anticorrosion coatings may be given self-repairing function via dispersing specially designed nanocontainers into host coatings, enabling them to have the property of self-repairing after being suffered from corrosion attack. Herein, hollow-structured Co-N-C nanocatalyst was prepared via a silica-protected pyrolysis method, then the acquired nanocatalyst was incorporated into an epoxy coating to develop a novel nanocatalytic anticorrosion coating. The Co-N-C catalyst exhibits an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with half-wave potential of up to 0.89 V, demonstrating excellent catalytic activity. After introducing the catalyst into the epoxy coating, the anticorrosion performance of the coating is significantly enhanced. After 60 d of immersion in an oxygen-saturated 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution, the coating/carbon steel remains intact, and the steel substrate shows no obvious signs of corrosion, indicating markedly superior protection compared with the pure epoxy coating. The enhanced performance is mainly attributed to the oxygen-consuming catalytic mechanism for the hollow-structured Co-N-C nanocatalyst, which effectively delays the chemical corrosion process of the steel substrate, thereby significantly extending the its service life. The oxygen-consumption-based anticorrosion strategy proposed in this study provides a new direction for research on inhibiting oxygen diffusion, prolonging coating service life, and enhancing anticorrosion performance.