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中国腐蚀与防护学报  2016, Vol. 36 Issue (3): 197-204    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2015.089
  研究报告 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
高氮奥氏体不锈钢的腐蚀行为研究
吴欣强1(),付尧1,柯伟1,徐松2,冯兵2,胡波涛2,陆佳政2
1. 中国科学院金属研究所 中国科学院核用材料与安全评价重点实验室辽宁省核电材料安全与评价技术重点实验室 沈阳 110016
2. 湖南省电力公司科学研究院 长沙 410007
Corrosion Behavior of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels
Xinqiang WU1(),Yao FU1,Wei KE1,Song XU2,Bing FENG2,Botao HU2,Jiazheng LU2
1. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Safety and Assessment Technique of Nuclear Material, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2. Hunan Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China
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摘要: 

研究了无镍高氮高锰奥氏体不锈钢 (HNSSs) 的均匀腐蚀、晶间腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀、点蚀性能及再钝化性能;与商用316L不锈钢 (316LSS) 对比,考察了冷变形、敏化处理等对HNSSs的微观组织、钝化膜特征及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：固溶HNSSs的均匀腐蚀和晶间腐蚀抗力明显不如316LSS的,敏化处理不影响钢的均匀腐蚀抗力,但导致晶间腐蚀抗力急剧弱化,尤其是无Mo钢;固溶HNSSs的缝隙腐蚀和点蚀抗力优于316LSS的,特别是含Mo钢,敏化处理导致钢的缝隙腐蚀和点蚀抗力弱化;冷变形引入大量微观缺陷,导致钝化膜变薄,膜中稳定氧化物减少,保护性变差,降低了HNSSs在含Cl-溶液中的点蚀抗力,但改善了其再钝化性能;敏化析出χ相,导致HNSSs的耐蚀性下降,再钝化性能劣化,且随冷变形量增加更为显著。并讨论了HNSSs的腐蚀机理。
关键词 ： 高氮不锈钢,  冷变形,  敏化,  钝化膜,  再钝化    
Abstract：

The corrosion performance of Ni free and Mn alloyed high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels (HNSSs), including uniform corrosion, intergranular corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion and repassivation,was investigated by means of immersion test and electrochemical test. The effect of cold work and sensitization treatment on the microstructure, characteristic of passive film and corrosion resistance of the HNSSs was examined. It was found that the solution-annealed (SA) HNSSs had much weaker resistance to uniform- and intergranular-corrosion compared to the SA 316LSS. The sensitization-treatment (ST) hardly affected the uniform corrosion resistance of all the steels, but resulted in rapid degradation of the resistance to intergranular-corrosion, especially for the Mo free HNSSs. The SA HNSSs had a better resistance to crevice- and pitting-corrosion than the SA 316LSS, in particular the Mo bearing HNSSs. The ST degraded the resistance to crevice- and pitting-corrosion of the HNSSs. The cold work degraded the pitting-corrosion resistance of the HNSSs in chloride-containing solutions through thinning the passive film and decreasing the stable oxides in the passive film, but it improved the repassivation ability of the HNSSs. The ST-induced precipitation of χ phase degraded the corrosion resistance and repssivation ability of the HNSSs, and such degradation became aggravated with increasing cold work degree. Furthermore, the relevant corrosion mechanism is also discussed.
Key words： high nitrogen stainless steel    cold work    sensitization    passive film    repassivation
收稿日期: 2015-05-27     
基金资助:国家电网公司总部科技项目（KG12K16004）和中国科学院金属研究所创新基金项目资助
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吴欣强
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胡波涛
陆佳政

引用本文:

吴欣强,付尧,柯伟,徐松,冯兵,胡波涛,陆佳政. 高氮奥氏体不锈钢的腐蚀行为研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2016, 36(3): 197-204.
Xinqiang WU, Yao FU, Wei KE, Song XU, Bing FENG, Botao HU, Jiazheng LU. Corrosion Behavior of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2016, 36(3): 197-204.

链接本文:

https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2015.089      或      https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2016/V36/I3/197

Steel Cr Ni Mn Mo Si C S P Al N Fe
HNSS A 19.80 --- 18.40 --- --- 0.040 0.012 0.015 0.02 0.82 Bal.
HNSS B 19.07 --- 18.84 2.20 --- 0.043 0.012 0.015 0.02 0.77 Bal.
HNSS C 18.40 --- 15.80 2.19 0.24 0.040 0.005 0.017 0.02 0.66 Bal.
316LSS 16.38 10.2 1.02 2.36 0.40 0.019 0.06 0.033 --- --- Bal.
表1  HNSSs及316LSS的成分
图1  不同处理条件下HNSS C的微观组织
图2  HNSSs的均匀腐蚀失重率,晶间腐蚀速率,缝隙腐蚀速率及点蚀速率
图3  浸泡实验后样品的晶间腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀和点蚀形貌
图4  HNSS C试样经固溶+冷变形和冷变形+敏化处理后的极化曲线及临界点蚀电位与冷变形量的关系
图5  冷变形HNSS C的Nyquist图和拟合等效电路
图6  HNSS C样品在3.5%NaCl溶液中形成的钝化膜中N,O,Cr和Mo浓度沿深度的分布
Condition Cold work level Rsol / Ωcm2 Q / Ω-1sncm-2 n R1 / Ωcm2 C / Fcm-2 R2 / Ωcm2
Solution-annealed,3.5%NaCl 8% 7.62 1.14×10-5 0.88 3.56 6.53×10-6 6.48×105
30% 7.33 1.20×10-5 0.83 4.01 7.79×10-6 2.53×105
60% 6.92 2.63×10-5 0.92 16.50 3.39×10-6 2.22×105
Sensitized,3.5%NaCl 8% 7.57 1.37×10-5 0.76 4.83 8.43×10-6 1.65×105
30% 6.17 8.21×10-5 0.85 10.05 1.26×10-5 1.36×105
60% 6.26 9.51×10-5 0.78 3.02 1.65×10-5 1.29×105
表2  EIS的等效电路拟合参数
Cold work level Surface layer (1 nm) Middle layer (3 nm) Inner layer (7 nm)
8% non-sensitized Cr2O3 Cr-O Cr-O
Fe3O4, Fe2O3 Fe3O4 Fe3O4
Mn2O3 MnO MnO
60% non-sensitized Cr-O Cr-O Cr-O
Fe3O4, Fe(OH)O Fe3O4 Fe3O4
Mn2O3 MnO MnO
60% sensitized Cr-O Fe3O4 Fe3O4
Fe3O4, Fe(OH)O MnO
MnO
表3  冷变形HNSS C钝化膜中氧化物组成
图7  固溶、冷变形和冷变形+敏化处理的HNSS C在3.5%NaCl溶液中的循环极化曲线
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