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中国腐蚀与防护学报  2025, Vol. 45 Issue (1): 1-19     CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.227      DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.227
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航空发动机及燃气轮机热障涂层高温腐蚀与防护
王昆1,2, 邹兰欣1,2, 郭磊1,2(), 闫凯3, 叶福兴1,2, 刘洪丽4, 郭洪波5()
1 天津大学材料科学与工程学院 天津 300072
2 天津大学 现代连接技术重点实验室 天津 300072
3 中国特种设备检测研究院 北京 100029
4 中国民航大学航空工程学院 天津 300300
5 北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院 北京 100191
High-temperature Corrosion and Protection of Thermal Barrier Coatings for Aeroengines and Gas Turbines
WANG Kun1,2, ZOU Lanxin1,2, GUO Lei1,2(), YAN Kai3, YE Fuxing1,2, LIU Hongli4, GUO Hongbo5()
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
3 China Special Equipment Inspection ＆ Research Institute, Beijing 100029, China
4 College of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
5 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
引用本文:

王昆, 邹兰欣, 郭磊, 闫凯, 叶福兴, 刘洪丽, 郭洪波. 航空发动机及燃气轮机热障涂层高温腐蚀与防护[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(1): 1-19.
Kun WANG, Lanxin ZOU, Lei GUO, Kai YAN, Fuxing YE, Hongli LIU, Hongbo GUO. High-temperature Corrosion and Protection of Thermal Barrier Coatings for Aeroengines and Gas Turbines[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(1): 1-19.

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摘要: 

热障涂层是航空发动机及燃气轮机热端部件的关键热防护技术。随着热障涂层技术的发展，发动机的工作温度大幅提升，燃油效率和推重比显著提高，但热障涂层却面临日趋严重的高温腐蚀问题，包括环境沉积物(主要成分为CaO，MgO，Al2O3和SiO2，简称CMAS)腐蚀、熔盐腐蚀以及CMAS和熔盐的耦合腐蚀，它们会导致热障涂层过早失效，严重威胁航空发动机和燃气轮机的安全运行。本文综述了CMAS、熔盐、CMAS+熔盐等腐蚀问题的产生和腐蚀机理，重点从新型抗腐蚀热障涂层材料开发、涂层结构设计两方面总结了国内外在抗高温腐蚀热障涂层方面的研究进展。通过全面梳理高温下热障涂层的腐蚀问题及防护方法，展望了未来抗高温腐蚀长寿命热障涂层的研究方向。
关键词 ： 热障涂层,  CMAS腐蚀,  熔盐腐蚀,  耦合腐蚀    
Abstract：

Thermal barrier coating (TBC) is a critical technology for hot sections of aeroengines and gas turbines. The development of TBC can significantly improve fuel efficiency and thrust-to-weight ratio of engines, allowing them to operate at higher temperatures. However, this has also led to increasingly serious high-temperature corrosion issues for TBC. High-temperature corrosion includes environmental deposition corrosion, namely CaO, MgO, Al2O3 and SiO2 (CMAS) induced corrosion, molten salt corrosion, and the coupling corrosion of CMAS and molten salts, which cause premature failure of TBC and pose a serious threat to the safe operation of aero-engines and gas turbines. This paper reviews the discovery process of these corrosion problems and their reaction mechanisms with TBC at high temperatures, and summarizes the current international research progress on the corrosion-resistant TBC from two aspects, i.e., new TBC materials development and novel coating microstructure design. By comprehensively sorting out the corrosion problems and protection methods of TBC at high temperatures, the paper provides a perspective on the research direction for developing long-lifetime and corrosion-resistant TBC.
Key words： thermal barrier coating    CMAS corrosion    molten salt corrosion    coupling corrosion
收稿日期: 2024-07-29      32134.14.1005.4537.2024.227
ZTFLH:  TG174.4  
基金资助:国家科技重大专项(J2022-VI-0009-0040);国家自然科学基金(52272070)
通讯作者: 郭磊，E-mail：glei028@tju.edu.cn，研究方向为高温防护涂层；
郭洪波，E-mail：guo.hongbo@buaa.edu.cn，研究方向为高温涂层
Corresponding author: GUO Lei, E-mail: glei028@tju.edu.cn;
GUO Hongbo, E-mail: guo.hongbo@buaa.edu.cn
作者简介: 王 昆，男，1998年生，硕士生
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链接本文:

https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2024.227      或      https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2025/V45/I1/1

图1  CMAS样品在1150 ℃下保温0.5和1.5 h的横截面背散射SEM图像[23]
图2  抛光和未抛光YSZ块材在1250 ℃下暴露于CMAS中1 h后的截面微结构以及EDS元素面分布[36]
图3  Ti2AlC/YSZ涂层在1250 ℃下CMAS腐蚀2 h后的横截面结构及Al、Ca、Ti和Si能谱面扫描图[64]
图4  单层激光改性涂层的表面、横截面图像，单层激光改性层及双层激光改性层的断口截面[90]
图5  Gd2Zr2O7-LaPO4涂层在900 ℃下V2O5中暴露4 h后的横断面像及反应层区域放大像[108]
图6  YSZ块材在1200 ℃下经CMAS-V、CMAS-Cl和CMAS-S腐蚀0.5 h后的宏观形貌和截面SEM图像[133]
图7  CMAS、CMAS + 5SS和CMAS + 10SS粉末的DSC曲线[139]
图8  CMAS和CMAS + SS熔体在YSZ TBCs上的扩散和渗透示意图[139]
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