Corrosion Behavior of 40Cr Steel in 3.5%NaCl Solution Under Combined Effect of Stress and Ultraviolet Illumination

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.096

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (1): 233-240 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.096

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Corrosion Behavior of 40Cr Steel in 3.5%NaCl Solution Under Combined Effect of Stress and Ultraviolet Illumination

QIN Pengfei¹, CUI Yu², LIU Rui¹, JU Pengfei³(

), WANG Fuhui¹, LIU Li¹(

)

^1.State Key Laboratory of Digital Steel, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
^2.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacture, Shanghai 200245, China

Cite this article:

QIN Pengfei, CUI Yu, LIU Rui, JU Pengfei, WANG Fuhui, LIU Li. Corrosion Behavior of 40Cr Steel in 3.5%NaCl Solution Under Combined Effect of Stress and Ultraviolet Illumination. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(1): 233-240.

Download:

HTML

PDF(12245KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

The corrosion behavior of 40Cr steel in 3.5%NaCl solution under the combined effect of plastic tensile stress and ultraviolet (UV) illumination was investigated. The results demonstrate that UV illumination accelerates the corrosion of 40Cr steel, which is primarily attributed to the lower charge-transfer resistance and higher flat-band potential of the rust layer formed on the surface of the steel under illumination. Furthermore, the formation of a honeycomb inner rust layer under UV illumination facilitates the accumulation of NaCl within the rust layer. The rust layer formed on the surface of 40Cr steel under plastic tensile stress was more porous, exhibiting a higher photoelectric response and lower charge transfer resistance. These factors contributed to the accelerated anodic dissolution of 40Cr steel under the combined effect of plastic tensile stress and UV illumination.

Key words: 40Cr steel plastic tensile stress UV NaCl

Received: 24 March 2025 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.096

ZTFLH:

TG174

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20B2026)

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	QIN Pengfei
	CUI Yu
	LIU Rui
	JU Pengfei
	WANG Fuhui
	LIU Li

URL:

https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.096 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2026/V46/I1/233

Fig.1 Polarization curves of 0% strain and 6% strain 40Cr steel in 3.5%NaCl solution with and without illumination

Fig.2 Surface morphologies of 40Cr steel immersed in 3.5%NaCl solution for 120 h under different conditions: (a) 0% strain/dark, (b) 6% strain/dark, (c) 6% strain/UV

Fig.3 Rust layer morphologies of 40Cr steel immersed in 3.5%NaCl solution for 120 h under different experimental conditions: (a-h) 0% strain/dark, (i-l) 0% strain/UV, (c-f) EDS energy spectra in Fig.3b

Fig.4 XRD of surface rust layer of undeformed 40Cr steel after 120 h immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution

Fig.5 Raman diagram of the surface rust layer of 40Cr steel after immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution for 120 h

Fig.6 Nyquist plots (a) and Bode plots (b) of 40Cr steel after immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution for 120 h under dark without deformation, illumination without deformation, dark with deformation, and illumination with deformation conditions, respectively

Table 1 EIS fitting results of 40Cr steel immersed in 3.5%NaCl solution for 120 h under different experimental conditions

Fig.8 M-S plots of 40Cr steel after immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution for 120 h under dark without deformation, illumination without deformation, dark with deformation, and illumination with deformation conditions, respectively (a) and the calculated donor carrier density (b)

Fig.9 photogenerated E-t curves of 0% strain and 6% strain 40Cr steels under chopped illumination

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of corrosion of 40Cr steel under the combined effect of plastic strain and illumination

[1]	Zeng D Z, Li H, Tian G, et al. Fatigue behavior of high-strength steel S135 under coupling multi-factor in complex environments [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, 724A: 385
[2]	Qin P F, Ma H Y, Cui Y, et al. The corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel under the cooperative effect of plastic stress and UV illumination in 3.5wt%NaCl solution [J]. Corros. Sci., 2023, 223: 111466 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111466
[3]	Xia L, Wang K, Xu W Q, et al. Synergistic acceleration effects of ultraviolet and salt spray on the degradation and failure of electromagnetic wave-absorbing coatings [J]. Prog. Org. Coat., 2023, 182: 107686
[4]	Du D H, Chen K, Lu H, et al. Effects of chloride and oxygen on stress corrosion cracking of cold worked 316/316L austenitic stainless steel in high temperature water [J]. Corros. Sci., 2016, 110: 134 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2016.04.035
[5]	Lee S, Staehle R W. Adsorption of water on copper, nickel, and iron [J]. Corrosion, 1997, 53: 33 doi: 10.5006/1.3280431
[6]	Dante J F, Kelly R G. The evolution of the adsorbed solution layer during atmospheric corrosion and its effects on the corrosion rate of copper [J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1993, 140: 1890 doi: 10.1149/1.2220734
[7]	Mansfeld F, Kenkel J V. Electrochemical measurements of time-of-wetness and atmospheric corrosion rates [J]. Corrosion, 1977, 33: 13 doi: 10.5006/0010-9312-33.1.13
[8]	Cole I S, Ganther W D, Sinclair J D, et al. A study of the wetting of metal surfaces in order to understand the processes controlling atmospheric corrosion [J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2004, 151: B627 doi: 10.1149/1.1809596
[9]	Wu J X, Wu Y Q, Wang J L. Comparative study on corrosion behavior of Cu and Sn under UV light illumination in chloride-containing borate buffer solution [J]. Corros. Sci., 2021, 186: 109471 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109471
[10]	Lin H, Frankel G S. Atmospheric corrosion of Cu during constant deposition of NaCl [J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2013, 160: C336 doi: 10.1149/2.037308jes
[11]	Wan Y, Song F L, Li L J. Corrosion characteristics of carbon steel in simulated marine atmospheres [J]. J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot., 2022, 42: 851
	万晔, 宋芳龄, 李立军. 基于海洋大气环境因素影响下的碳钢腐蚀特征研究 [J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2022, 42: 851
[12]	Schmuki P, Böhni H. Illumination effects on the stability of the passive film on iron [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 1995, 40: 775 doi: 10.1016/0013-4686(94)00341-W
[13]	Wilson H, Sunde S, Erbe A. Hole annihilation vs. induced convection: breakdown of different contributions to the photocorrosion mechanism of oxide-covered iron [J]. Corros. Sci., 2021, 185: 109426 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109426
[14]	Amin M A. Uniform and pitting corrosion events induced by SCN^- anions on Al alloys surfaces and the effect of UV light [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2011, 56: 2518 doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.12.045
[15]	Luo H, Li X G, Dong C F, et al. Influence of uv light on passive behavior of the 304 stainless steel in acid solution [J]. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2013, 74: 691 doi: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2013.01.005
[16]	Breslin C B, Macdonald D D, Sikora E, et al. Photo-inhibition of pitting corrosion on types 304 and 316 stainless steels in chloride-containing solutions [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 1997, 42: 137 doi: 10.1016/0013-4686(96)00178-8
[17]	Breslin C B, Macdonald D D, Sikora J, et al. Influence of uv light on the passive behaviour of SS316-effect of prior illumination [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 1997, 42: 127 doi: 10.1016/0013-4686(96)00177-6
[18]	Song S H, Chen Z Y. Effect of UV illumination on the NaCl-induced atmospheric corrosion of pure zinc [J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2014, 161: C288 doi: 10.1149/2.015406jes
[19]	Li H T, Chen Z Y, Liu X C, et al. Study on the mechanism of the photoelectrochemical effect on the initial NaCl-induced atmospheric corrosion process of pure copper exposed in humidified pure air [J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2018, 165: C608 doi: 10.1149/2.0771810jes
[20]	Song L Y, Ma X M, Chen Z Y, et al. The role of UV illumination on the initial atmospheric corrosion of 09CuPCrNi weathering steel in the presence of NaCl particles [J]. Corros. Sci., 2014, 87: 427 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.07.013
[21]	Song L Y, Chen Z Y, Hou B R. The role of the photovoltaic effect of γ-FeOOH and β-FeOOH on the corrosion of 09CuPCrNi weathering steel under visible light [J]. Corros. Sci., 2015, 93: 191 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.01.019
[22]	Fatimah I, Purwiandono G, Ningrum H S, et al. Physicochemical and photocatalytic activity of needle-like γ-FeOOH/Halloysite [J]. Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2023, 155: 111033 doi: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.111033
[23]	Song L Y, Chen Z Y. Effect of γ-FeOOH and γ-Fe₂O₃ on the corrosion of Q235 carbon steel under visible light [J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2015, 162: C79 doi: 10.1149/2.0301503jes
[24]	Wu H Y, Luo Y Z, Zhou G G. The evolution of the corrosion mechanism of structural steel exposed to the urban industrial atmosphere for seven years [J]. Appl. Sci., 2023, 13: 4500 doi: 10.3390/app13074500
[25]	Guedes I C, Aoki I V, Carmezim M J, et al. The influence of copper and chromium on the semiconducting behaviour of passive films formed on weathering steels [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 515: 2167 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.05.011
[26]	Zhang T Y, Xu X X, Li Y, et al. The function of Cr on the rust formed on weathering steel performed in a simulated tropical marine atmosphere environment [J]. Constr. Build. Mater, 2021, 277: 122298 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122298
[27]	Deng S H, Lu H, Li D Y. Influence of UV light irradiation on the corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Ni and Cu nanocrystalline foils [J]. Sci. Rep., 2020, 10: 3049 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59420-6
[28]	Liu R, Song Y S, Cui Y, et al. Corrosion of high-strength steel in 3.5%NaCl solution under hydrostatic pressure: understanding electrochemical corrosion with tensile stress coupling [J]. Corros. Sci., 2023, 219: 111204 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111204
[29]	Song Y S, Liu R, Cui Y, et al. Corrosion of high-strength steel in 3.5%NaCl solution under hydrostatic pressure: Initial corrosion with tensile stress coupling [J]. Corros. Sci., 2023, 219: 111229 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111229
[30]	Gao J X, Cao H, Kuang W J, et al. Research progress on irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking behavior and mechanism of austenitic steel [J]. J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot., 2024, 44: 835
	高俊宣, 曹晗, 匡文军等. 奥氏体钢辐照促进应力腐蚀开裂行为机制的研究进展 [J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44: 835 doi: 10.11902/1005.4537.2023.287
[31]	Zhao T L, Wang H B, Luo Q, et al. Rusting behavior of a deformed 450 MPa-grade weathering steel in 5wt.%NaCl salt spray [J]. J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2022, 21: 3181 doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.10.106
[32]	ASTM. Standard practice for making and using U-bend stress-corrosion test specimens [S]. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM, 2022
[33]	Zhang X, Yang S W, Zhang W H, et al. Influence of outer rust layers on corrosion of carbon steel and weathering steel during wet-dry cycles [J]. Corros. Sci., 2014, 82: 165 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.01.016
[34]	Ma Y T, Li Y, Wang F H. The atmospheric corrosion kinetics of low carbon steel in a tropical marine environment [J]. Corros. Sci., 2000, 52: 1796 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.01.022
[35]	Tamura H. The role of rusts in corrosion and corrosion protection of iron and steel [J]. Corros. Sci., 2008, 50: 1872 doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2008.03.008
[36]	Lu X Y, Liu L, Ge J W, et al. Morphology controlled synthesis of Co(OH)₂/TiO₂ p-n heterojunction photoelectrodes for efficient photocathodic protection of 304 stainless steel [J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2021, 537: 148002 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148002

[1]	ZHANG Weidong, CUI Yu, LIU Li, WANG Fuhui. Corrosion Behavior of Pre-oxidized GH4169 Alloy Beneath Solid NaCl Deposit Film in Wet Oxygen Flow at 600 ^oC[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(1): 182-190.
[2]	WANG Wenquan, CUI Yu, XUE Yunpeng, LIU Li, WANG Fuhui. Corrosion Behavior of GH4169 Alloy Under Flexural Tensile Stress and Beneath a NaCl Deposit Film in Water Vapor Containing Air at 600^oC[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(6): 1399-1411.
[3]	ZHAN Fuyuan, LIU Xuanyi, HAUNG Shifu, LIU Shuaiqi, XU Yuanyuan, PAN Xigui, HE Hualin, LIU Guangming. Corrosion Behavior of SA210C Steel Beneath Deposit Film of Mixed Salts Na₂SO₄-NaCl in Air at 600^oC[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(6): 1656-1662.
[4]	XU Jiaxin, GENG Shujiang, WANG Jinlong, WANG Fuhui, SUN Qingyun, WU Yong, XIA Siyao. Effect of Coating Process Temperatures on Hot Corrosion Behavior Induced by Deposit of Sulfates Salts in Air at 750^oC for CVD Aluminized Coatings on K452 Superalloy[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(3): 612-622.
[5]	HU Qi, GENG Shujiang, WANG Jinlong, WANG Fuhui, SUN Qingyun, WU Yong, XIA Siyao. Hot Corrosion Behavior of Inconel 718 Without and With Aluminide Coating in Air Beneath a Thin Film of Salt Mixture of Na₂SO₄ + 5%NaCl[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(3): 623-634.
[6]	DENG Zhibin, HU Xiao, LIU Yingyan, YUE Hang, ZHANG Qian, TANG Haiping, LU Rui. Effect of Magnetic Field on Corrosion Behavior of L360 Pipeline Steel and Welded Joints in 3.5%NaCl Solution[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(2): 471-479.
[7]	SHEN Jubao, CUI Yu, LIU Li, LIU Rui, MENG Fandi, WANG Fuhui. Cyclic Hot Corrosion Behavior of DZ40M and K452 Superalloys Beneath Molten Deposit NaCl[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(2): 280-288.
[8]	LIU Shuyu, GENG Shujiang, MA Yimeng, WANG Jinlong, WANG Fuhui. Corrosion Resistance of K444 Alloy without and with CVD Aluminized Coatings Beneath NaCl Deposit in Air at 750 ℃[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(2): 321-328.
[9]	YANG Yong, ZHANG Qingbao, ZHU Wancheng, LUO Yanlong. Effect of Magnetic Field on Corrosion Behavior of X52 Pipeline Steel in NaCl Solution[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2022, 42(3): 501-506.
[10]	LI Rui, CUI Yu, LIU Li, FAN Lei, MENG Fandi, WANG Fuhui. Corrosion Behavior of Ti60 Alloy in Fog of NaCl Solution at 600 ℃[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2021, 41(5): 595-601.
[11]	Min CAO, Li LIU, Zhongfen YU, Ying LI, Fuhui WANG. Exfoliation Corrosion Behavior of 2A02 Al-alloy in a Simulated Marine Atmospheric Environment[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2018, 38(5): 502-510.
[12]	Haiyuan WANG, Yinghui WEI, Huayun DU, Baosheng LIU, Chunli GUO, Lifeng HOU. Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Behavior of Green Corrosion Inhibitor SDDTC on AZ31B Mg-alloy[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2018, 38(1): 62-67.
[13]	Zhenning CHEN,Rihui CHEN,Jinjie PAN,Yanna TENG,Xingyue YONG. Organic/inorganic Compound Corrosion Inhibitor of L921A Steel in NaCl Solution[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2017, 37(5): 473-478.
[14]	Mingming ZHANG,Li XIN,Xueyong DING,Shujiang GENG,Shenglong ZHU,Fuhui WANG. Corrosion Resistance of Alternately Multilayered Coating Ti/TiAlN on Ti-alloy Ti-6Al-4V Beneath a Solid NaCl Film in Atmosphere of Water Vapor and Oxygen at 600 ℃[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2017, 37(1): 29-35.
[15]	Min ZHU,Yongfeng YUAN,Jun LIU,Lun NIE,Jian ZHOU. Corrosion Behavior of Incoloy825 Alloy in 3.5%NaCl Solution at Different Temperatures[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2016, 36(6): 631-636.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed