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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2025, Vol. 45 Issue (5): 1351-1360    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.335
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Effect of CO2 Pressure on Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of X65 Pipeline Steel Used for Transporting Impure Supercritical CO2
CHENG Luyao1, XU Yanlei2, LI Jiawei1, SUN Chong1(), LIN Xueqiang1, SUN Jianbo1
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
2 China Petroleum Pipeline Research Institute Co., Ltd., Langfang 065000, China
Cite this article: 

CHENG Luyao, XU Yanlei, LI Jiawei, SUN Chong, LIN Xueqiang, SUN Jianbo. Effect of CO2 Pressure on Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of X65 Pipeline Steel Used for Transporting Impure Supercritical CO2. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(5): 1351-1360.

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Abstract  

In this study, the stress corrosion cracking behavior of X65 pipeline steel exposed to a supercritical CO2 environment with low water content and co-existence of O2, SO2, NO2, and H2S impurities was studied by means of slow strain rate tensile test, four-point-bending stress corrosion test, electrochemical measurement and surface analysis techniques. The effect of CO2 pressure change on the susceptibility of X65 pipeline steel to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was discussed. The results show that X65 pipeline steel has a very low SCC susceptibility within the CO2 pressure range of 7.5 MPa to 14 MPa when being exposed to supercritical CO2 environment with low water content and co-existence of multiple impurities. X65 pipeline steel does not crack under the coupling effect of stress and impurity-containing CO2 streams during the overall test duration. However, X65 pipeline steel suffers from the slight ductility loss due to the corrosion effect, thereby demonstrating a certain SCC susceptibility. The SCC susceptibility of X65 pipeline steel decreases first and then increases as the rise of CO2 pressure from 7.5 MPa to 14 MPa, which is closely associated with the difference of corrosion degree caused by CO2 pressure change. When X65 pipeline steel is exposed to supercritical CO2 environment containing impurities, the content of corrosive substances in the formed aqueous phase and the protectiveness of the corrosion product film formed on the steel surface are changed with the variation of CO2 pressure. Therefore, under the coupling effect of stress and impurity-containing CO2 streams, the corrosion rate of X65 steel decreases first and then increases with the increase of CO2 pressure.
Key words:  X65 pipeline steel      supercritical CO2      CO2 pressure      stress corrosion     
Received:  12 October 2024      32134.14.1005.4537.2024.335
ZTFLH:  TG174  
Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52001328);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20CX06075A)
Corresponding Authors:  SUN Chong, E-mail: sunchong@upc.edu.cn
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CHENG Luyao
XU Yanlei
LI Jiawei
SUN Chong
LIN Xueqiang
SUN Jianbo

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2024.335     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2025/V45/I5/1351

Fig.1  Microstructure of X65 pipeline steel
Fig.2  Size of the specimen used for the slow strain rate tensile test (unit: mm)
ConditionCO2 pressure / MPaTemperature / ºCO2 / %H2S / %NO2 / %SO2 / %H2O / %
17.5500.010.010.010.010.01
210
314
Table 1  Test conditions for slow strain rate tensile and four-point-bending stress corrosion
Fig.3  Schematic diagram of four-point-bending stress corrosion testing device
Fig.4  Stress-strain curves of X65 pipeline steel after slow strain rate tensile test in impurity-containing supercritical CO2 environment at different CO2 pressures
Fig.5  Reduction-in-area (Ψ) (a) and SCC susceptibility index (IΨ-SCC) (b) of X65 pipeline steel after SSRT test in impurity-containing supercritical CO2 environment at different CO2 pressures
Fig.6  Fracture morphology of X65 pipeline steel in air (a1, a2) and supercritical CO2 environment with impurities at different CO2 pressures of 7.5 MPa (b1, b2), 10 MPa (c1, c2) and 14 MPa (d1, d2)
Fig.7  Corrosion rate of X65 pipeline steel with the stress of 520 MPa exposed to supercritical CO2 environment containing impurities at different CO2 pressures for 240 h
Fig.8  Macroscopic surface morphology of X65 pipeline steel before (a1-c1) and after the removal of corrosion products (a2-c2) after stress corrosion in supercritical CO2 environment with impurities at different CO2 pressures of 7.5 MPa (a1, a2), 10 MPa (b1, b2) and 14 MPa (c1, c2) for 240 h
Fig.9  SEM surface morphology (a1-c1), SEM cross-sectional morphology (a2-c2) and EDS map scanning analysis of cross section (a3-c3) of X65 pipeline steel after stress corrosion in impurity-containing supercritical CO2 environment at different CO2 pressures of 7.5 MPa (a1-a3), 10 MPa (b1-b3) and 14 MPa (c1-c3) for 240 h
Fig.10  Raman spectra of corrosion products on X65 pipeline steel with the stress of 520 MPa after stress corrosion in impurity-containing supercritical CO2 environment at different CO2 pressures for 240 h
Chemical7.5 MPa CO210 MPa CO214 MPa CO2
substanceMass / gMass fraction / %Mass / gMass fraction / %Mass / gMass fraction / %
H2O7.000 × 10-495.6353.500 × 10-495.0271.000 × 10-394.595
CO2(aq)3.260 × 10-54.3241.860 × 10-54.9415.936 × 10-55.379
O2(aq)2.441 × 10-103.242 × 10-52.064 × 10-105.486 × 10-51.012 × 10-99.169 × 10-5
H2S(aq)8.805 × 10-91.169 × 10-34.650 × 10-91.236 × 10-31.359 × 10-81.232 × 10-3
NO2(aq)3.738 × 10-84.950 × 10-31.365 × 10-83.622 × 10-32.645 × 10-82.394 × 10-3
SO2(aq)1.936 × 10-77.224 × 10-37.954 × 10-85.455 × 10-31.863 × 10-73.948 × 10-3
H+2.329 × 10-93.093 × 10-41.019 × 10-92.708 × 10-42.585 × 10-92.343 × 10-4
HCO3-8.425 × 10-91.119 × 10-35.471 × 10-91.454 × 10-32.052 × 10-81.860 × 10-3
HS-5.952 × 10-137.902 × 10-83.586 × 10-139.529 × 10-81.222 × 10-121.107 × 10-7
HSO3-1.761 × 10-72.339 × 10-27.468 × 10-81.985 × 10-21.806 × 10-71.637 × 10-2
Table 2  Total mass and concentration of CO2 and impurity components and the mass of main ions in the formed aqueous film calculated by OLI Analyzer Studio software
Fig.11  EIS of the corrosion film on X65 pipeline steel exposed to impurity-containing supercritical CO2 environment at different CO2 pressures: (a) Nyquist plots, (b) Bode plots, (c) equivalent circuit used for fitting the EIS data
CO2 pressure / MPaRs / Ω·cm2Rct / Ω·cm2Y0(Qdl) / Ω-1·cm-2·S nn(Qdl)
7.513.86349.20.0330.721
1014.04491.30.0510.858
1413.88151.40.0270.705
Table 3  EIS fitting data of the corrosion film on X65 steel exposed to supercritical CO2 environment with impurities at different CO2 pressures
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