Research Progress on Hydrogen Damage Behavior of Pipeline Steel and Welds for Transportation of Hydrogen-blended Natural Gas

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2024.260

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2025, Vol. 45

Issue (2): 283-295 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.260

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Research Progress on Hydrogen Damage Behavior of Pipeline Steel and Welds for Transportation of Hydrogen-blended Natural Gas

BAI Yunlong¹^,², LENG Bing³, WEI Boxin¹^,²^,⁴, DONG Lijin⁵, YU Changkun¹, XU Jin¹^,², SUN Cheng¹^,²(

)

^1.Liaoning Shenyang Soil and Atmosphere Corrosion of Material National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.Oil Production Technology Research Institute of China Petroleum Liaohe Oilfield Company, Panjin 110206, China
^4.School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
^5.School of New Energy and Material, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China

Cite this article:

BAI Yunlong, LENG Bing, WEI Boxin, DONG Lijin, YU Changkun, XU Jin, SUN Cheng. Research Progress on Hydrogen Damage Behavior of Pipeline Steel and Welds for Transportation of Hydrogen-blended Natural Gas. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(2): 283-295.

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Abstract

To transfer the blend natural gas with hydrogen through the existing natural gas pipelines is currently one of the most economical and effective ways for hydrogen energy transportation. However, when pipelines in contact with hydrogen-enriched atmospheres, hydrogen atoms can permeate into the pipeline steels inducing hydrogen damages, which can severely threaten the safety of pipelines. Factors such as high-pressure, stress, and corrosive media during service may be involved to the damage of pipelines. Based on these issues, this paper summarizes the compatibility of pipeline steels with hydrogen, analyzes the adsorption and diffusion of hydrogen within the steels from the perspectives of hydrogen permeation behavior and testing methods. Additionally, it summarizes the forms and mechanisms of hydrogen damage in pipeline steels and welds of transportation of hydrogen-blended natural gas, in terms of the relevant influencing factors. The findings may provide a theoretical basis for the selection, design, and safe service of transporting hydrogen-blended natural gas pipelines, promoting the safe development of the hydrogen economy.

Key words: hydrogen blending pipelines hydrogen-induced failure hydrogen permeation hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) hydrogen diffusion

Received: 18 August 2024 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.260

TG172

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52301115);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871228);IMR Innovation Fund(2023-PY12)

Corresponding Authors: SUN Cheng, E-mail: chengsun@imr.ac.cn

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	BAI Yunlong
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	YU Changkun
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	SUN Cheng

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2024.260 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2025/V45/I2/283

Fig.1 Hydrogen diffusivity as a function of the inverse of temperature^[24]

Fig.2 Selected SEM images of the without hydrogen (a) and hydrogen-charged (b) ferrite cantilevers deformed to 5000 nm displacement; (a2) and (b2) represent cross-sectional images of the marked areas in (a1) and (b1)^[25]

Fig.3 Schematic diagram the impact crack propagation in the CGHAZ obtaining mainly LB and GB, respectively, in the absence and presence of H atoms: (a) LB, no H, (b) GB, no H, (c) LB with H, (d) GB with H^[31]

Fig.4 Electronic cloud density distribution changes during H₂ adsorption and dissociation on the Fe metal (110) surface^[33]

Fig.5 2D potential energy surface at local minima for hydrogen diffusion through the (111) surface (a), energy profile for hydrogen diffusion through the surface (b), diffusion pathway from the surface through towards the bulk (c), dotted line between stationary points is only a guide to the eye^[34]

Fig.6 Cloud maps of hydrogen concentration distribution of the X80 steel pipewithout (a), and with residual stress before heat treatment (b) and after heat treatment (c)^[35]

Fig.7 SEM images (a, b, d, e, g, h) and EBSD orientation maps (c, f, i) of the specimens after applying tensile stress of 300 MPa and hydrogen micro-print treatment^[45]

Fig.8 PAGB (a, c) and LB (b, d) at low (a, b) and high (c, d) hydrogen flux. (e) illustrates the evolution of hydrogen atom content (e1), hydrogen atom concentration (e2) and GB cohesive strength (e3) with increasing hydrogen flux^[46]

Fig.9 Hydrogen permeation curves of X80 steel and HAZ subzones^[36]

Fig.10 SEM images of the propagation path of HIC cracks in X100 pipeline steel: (a) original, (b) furnace cooling, (c) wind cooling^[48]

Fig.11 Bright-field transmission electron microscope image showing the pillar after a series of cyclic compression loading and unloading sessions (a), configurations of dislocation 1 at σmax in vacuum (N = 1) and in 2 Pa H₂ (N = 2) (b), the loading engineering stress σ and the digitally tracked projected glide distance σ of dislocation 1 in a typical load cycle are shown as a function of time (c), the measured σ_max and σ_c of dislocation 1 as a function of loading cycle number in vacuum (d) and in 2 Pa H₂ (e)^[64]

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