Effect of Hydrogen on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior in 3.5%NaCl Solution of X65 Steel and Its Weld Zone

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.306

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (4): 1107-1116 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.306

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Effect of Hydrogen on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior in 3.5%NaCl Solution of X65 Steel and Its Weld Zone

HUANG Tao, ZHU Yu, DENG Yu, WANG Qishan, TIAN Yichen, CHEN Xu(

)

College of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China

Cite this article:

HUANG Tao, ZHU Yu, DENG Yu, WANG Qishan, TIAN Yichen, CHEN Xu. Effect of Hydrogen on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior in 3.5%NaCl Solution of X65 Steel and Its Weld Zone. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(4): 1107-1116.

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Abstract

The base metal and the weld zone of X65 steel were pre-charged with hydrogen via electrochemical hydrogen charging method. Then the hydrogen-charged steel was immediately placed into a glass tube filled with liquid paraffin, the captured hydrogen amount was measured via collecting the escaping hydrogen from the steel. The influence of hydrogen charging on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the base metal and welds was investigated by slow strain rate tensile testing and electrochemical analysis techniques. The results indicated that both the captured hydrogen amount and the number of hydrogen blisters formed in the base metal and the weld zone increased with the increasing hydrogen charging current density. After hydrogen charging by a current density of 10 A/cm², the welds zone exhibited a higher hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity than the base metal. However, when the current density reached 25 A/cm², the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the base metal was greater than that of the weld zone. Hydrogen exerted a pinning effect on dislocations, and the weld retained a relatively high concentration of hydrogen. The relatively high captured hydrogen amount in the weld zone hindered dislocation movement, thereby enhancing the resistance of the weld zone to plastic deformation. Meanwhile, this effect also increased the density of defects there, consequently reducing the corrosion resistance of the weld zone in comparison to the base metal.

Key words: X65 steel weld joint electrochemical hydrogen charging mechanical properties corrosion behavior

Received: 27 September 2025 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.306

ZTFLH:

TG174

Fund: Basic Operational Funds of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJ212410148059);Projects for Innovation and Entrepreneurship for College Students in Liaoning Province(S202410148054)

Corresponding Authors: CHEN Xu, E-mail: chenxu@lnpu.edu.cn

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	HUANG Tao
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	DENG Yu
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	TIAN Yichen
	CHEN Xu

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.306 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2026/V46/I4/1107

Table 1 Chemical composition of X65 pipeline steel

Fig.1 Microstructure of X65 pipeline steel of base metal (a) and welds (b)

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of SSRT specimens

Fig.3 Volume of released hydrogen of X65 steel base metal (a) and welds (b) at different hydrogen charging current densities

Fig.4 SEM images of the base metal (a1-d1) and welds (a2-d2) of X65 steel after hydrogen charging at 0 mA/cm² (a), 10 mA/cm² (b), 25 mA/cm² (c) and 50 mA/cm² (d) hydrogen charging current densities

Fig.5 Stress-strain curves of X65 steel base metal (a) and welds (b) under different hydrogen charging current densities

Fig.6 Reduction of area (a) and elongation (b) of X65 steel base metal and welds under different hydrogen charging current densities

Fig.7 I_HE of X65 steel base metal and welds at different hydrogen charging current densities

Fig.8 Fracture morphologies of X65 steel base metal under 0 mA/cm² (a), 10 mA/cm² (b), 25 mA/cm² (c) and 50 mA/cm² (d) hydrogen charging current densities

Fig.9 SEM images of the fracture on side surfaces of X65 steel base metal 0 mA/cm² (a), 10 mA/cm² (b), 25 mA/cm² (c) and 50 mA/cm² (d) hydrogen charging current densities

Fig.10 Fracture morphologies of X65 steel welds under 0 mA/cm² (a), 10 mA/cm² (b), 25 mA/cm² (c) and 50 mA/cm² (d) hydrogen charging current densities

Fig.11 SEM images of the fracture on side surfaces of X65 steel welds under 0 mA/cm² (a), 10 mA/cm² (b), 25 mA/cm² (c) and 50 mA/cm² (d) hydrogen charging current densities

Fig.12 Polarization curves of X65 steel base metal (a) and welds (b) under different hydrogen charging current densities

Fig.13 Corrosion current density of X65 steel base metal and welds under different hydrogen char-ging current densities

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