Effects of Post Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo Alloy Fabricated by Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.290

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (1): 81-91 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.290

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Effects of Post Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo Alloy Fabricated by Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication

SU Baoxian¹^,²^,³, GAO Ruxin¹, ZHU Guoqiang¹(

), JIANG Botao¹, WANG Binbin⁴, LIU Chen⁵, YU Yongsheng², WANG Liang¹, SU Yanqing¹

^1.National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
^2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
^4.Shandong Laboratory of Aluminum Advanced Manufacturing in Binzhou, Binzhou 256606, China
^5.School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

Cite this article:

SU Baoxian, GAO Ruxin, ZHU Guoqiang, JIANG Botao, WANG Binbin, LIU Chen, YU Yongsheng, WANG Liang, SU Yanqing. Effects of Post Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo Alloy Fabricated by Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(1): 81-91.

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Abstract

Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo (Ti80) alloy is a novel home-made Ti-alloy for marine engineering applications. However, conventional forming methods for Ti-alloys present challenges, including complex processes, lengthy procedures, and high costs, etc. Electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF³) technology, utilizing a high-energy electron beam as the heat source and metal wires as raw material for rapid deposition in vacuum conditions, is well-suited for the high-quality rapid forming of highly reactive Ti-alloys ofhigh melting points. Herein, Ti80 alloy was fabricated by using the EBF³ technique. Meanwhile, the influence of post-heat treatment procedures on the microstructure, and the corrosion behavior in 3.5%NaCl solution of the prepared Ti80 alloy was assessed by means of XRD, SEM+EBSD as well as electrochemical measurements. The results reveal that the microstructures of all the Ti80 alloys subjected to three different post-heat treatments are predominantly composed of the α phase, but with three distinct microstructural morphologies: coarse basket weave, fully lamellar and hierarchical structures, respectively, which contrast significantly with the traditional forged state ones (equiaxed structure). Among others, the hierarchical microstructure exhibits the highest corrosion resistance, followed by the fully lamellar microstructure. The coarse basket-weave microstructure demonstrates the lowest corrosion resistance but still outperformed the wrought alloy. The differences in the corrosion resistance are closely related to the thickness of the passivation films formed on the alloys surface. The findings of this study provide a reference for enhancing corrosion resistance by adjusting the heat treatment process to regulate the microstructure for Ti-alloys.

Key words: heat treatment electron beam freeform fabrication titanium alloy microstructure corrosion behavior

Received: 11 September 2025 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.290

ZTFLH:

TG174

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52401040);State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology(P2024-015);Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2024E024);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(2025T181140);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(2023M740896);Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Financial Assistance(LBH-Z23168)

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	Articles by authors
	SU Baoxian
	GAO Ruxin
	ZHU Guoqiang
	JIANG Botao
	WANG Binbin
	LIU Chen
	YU Yongsheng
	WANG Liang
	SU Yanqing

URL:

https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.290 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2026/V46/I1/81

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of EBF³ process

Fig.2 Schematic diagrams of heat treatment regimes^[18]: (a) heat treatment regimes 1 and 2, (b) heat treatment regime 3

Fig.2 XRD patterns of wrought Ti80 alloy and heat treated Ti80 alloys fabricated by EBF³

Fig.4 Microstructure of wrought Ti80 alloy and heat treated Ti80 alloys fabricated by EBF³: (a) wrought alloy, (b) 950FC alloy, (c) 1010FC alloy, (d) 910WC + 600AC alloy

Fig.5 EBSD IPF images of wrought Ti80 alloy and heat treated Ti80 alloys fabricated by EBF³: (a) wrought alloy, (b) 910WC + 600AC alloy, (c) 1010FC alloy^[18], (d) 950FC alloy^[18], (e, f) legends for the EBSD IPF maps

Fig.6 Pole images of wrought Ti80 alloy and heat treated Ti80 alloys fabricated by EBF³: (a) wrought alloy, (b) 910WC + 600AC alloy, (c) 1010FC alloy, (d) 950FC alloy

Fig.7 Results of OCP measurements: (a) Evolution of OCP with immersion time alloys, and (b) the terminate value of OCP

Fig.8 Results of PDP measurements: (a) PDP curves (b) schematic illustration for the electrochemical behavior

Fig.9 Nyquist (a) and Bode diagrams (b) of wrought Ti80 alloy and heat treated Ti80 alloys fabricated by EBF³

Fig.10 Equivalent circuit model for EIS fitting

Table 1 Equivalent circuit parameters for wrought Ti80 alloy and heat treated Ti80 alloys fabricated by EBF³

Fig.11 R_p (a) and d (b) of wrought Ti80 alloy and heat treated Ti80 alloys fabricated by EBF³

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