Corrosion Mechanisms of Carbon Steel- and Stainless Steel-bolt Fasteners in Marine Environments

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2023.151

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2023, Vol. 43

Issue (4): 737-745 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2023.151

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Corrosion Mechanisms of Carbon Steel- and Stainless Steel-bolt Fasteners in Marine Environments

WANG Changgang¹, DANIEL Enobong Felix¹, LI Chao¹, DONG Junhua¹(

), YANG Hua², ZHANG Dongjiu²(

)

^1.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Space Launching Site Reliability, Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Haikou 571126, China

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Abstract

Through a comparative study of the corrosion characteristics, corrosion products, and electrochemical polarization of carbon steel- and stainless steel-bolt fasteners in a Cl^- containing NaCl solution, which aims to simulate offshore atmospheric environment. For carbon steel fasteners, the occurrence of rust scale can induce an extra IR drop, weakened the polarization effect of the cathodic area to the anodic crevice area, and the difference in oxygen supply led to more severe corrosion in the exposed thread area, mainly uniform corrosion. For stainless steel fasteners, the lack of oxygen in the environment led to the degradation of the passivation film performance in the thread crevice area, and the polarization effect of the exposed screw area to the thread crevice area, thus resulted in more severe corrosion in the crevice area, mainly pitting corrosion. Differentiated corrosion protection strategies were proposed for carbon steel and stainless steel fasteners in marine environments based on their distinct corrosion mechanisms.

Key words: bolt fastener carbon steel stainless steel galvanic corrosion crevice corrosion

Received: 09 May 2023 32134.14.1005.4537.2023.151

ZTFLH:

TG172

Fund: Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019193);Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KGFZD-135-19-02)

Corresponding Authors: DONG Junhua, E-mail: jhdong@imr.ac.cn;ZHANG Dongjiu, E-mail:zhangdongjiu923@sohu.con

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	WANG Changgang
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	YANG Hua
	ZHANG Dongjiu

Cite this article:

WANG Changgang, DANIEL Enobong Felix, LI Chao, DONG Junhua, YANG Hua, ZHANG Dongjiu. Corrosion Mechanisms of Carbon Steel- and Stainless Steel-bolt Fasteners in Marine Environments. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(4): 737-745.

URL:

https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2023.151 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2023/V43/I4/737

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of bolt fastener assembly^[19]: (a) bolt fastener, (b) experimental model of electrochemical device assembled with simulated screw and nut

Fig.2 Macroscopic images of C45 carbon steel bolt and nut assembly before immersion (a, b) and after 28 d of immersion in 0.06 mol/L NaCl solution (c-f): (a) coupled bolt with nut, (b) uncoupled bolt, (c) coupled bolt with nut, (d) uncoupled bolt, (e) region A exposed to the bulk solution, (f) region B (bolt and nut contact)^[19]

Fig.3 Surface morphologies of the 304 stainless steel threaded specimen^[20]: (a) as-received specimen, (b) exposed region after corrosion test, (c) crevice region after corrosion test, (d) enlarged view of the crevice region, (e) sampled area at the flank, (f) sampled area at the root

Fig.4 Cross-section mapping of Fe and O distribution in the rust layer formed on the metal-oxide interface at the exposed and crevice regions of planar fasteners, respectively^[21]

Fig.5 XRD patterns for the corrosion products formed on the fastener surfaces at the exposed region (a) and contact region (b), respectively (A=akaganeite; G=goethite; L=lepidocrocite; M=magnetite; H=halite)^[21]

Fig.6 XPS spectra obtained at the exposed surface and crevice surface as a function of sputtering times^[20]: (a) Fe 2p, (b) Cr 2p, (c) Ni 2p, (d) O 1s, (e) Cl 2p

Fig.7 XPS depth profile showing the percentage element content of the oxide film formed on the surfaces of 304 stainless steel after 30 d of immersion in the test media as a function of depth (nm) ^[20]: (a) exposed surface, (b) crevice surface

Fig.8 Time-dependent plots of galvanic current density observed in the mode of electrical connection between exposed area and contact area^[19]

Fig.9 Average current density vs time profile of the crevice/exposed galvanic couple (a) and polarization curves (b)^[20]

Fig.10 Galvanic current density of the bolt/nut couple as a function of area ratio (S_c/S_a)^[19]: (a) C45 carbon steel, (b) 304 stainless steel

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of corrosion process and corrosion mechanism of carbon steel fasteners ^[21]

Fig.12 Schematic illustration of the proposed mechanism of corrosion in 304 stainless steel fasteners at coupled conditions (a), isolated conditions (b) and time-dependent evolution (c) of 304 stainless steel fastener corrosion process^[20]

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