Research Progress on Initiation Mechanism of Local Corrosion Induced by Inclusions in Low Alloy Steel

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2023.147

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2023, Vol. 43

Issue (4): 746-754 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2023.147

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Research Progress on Initiation Mechanism of Local Corrosion Induced by Inclusions in Low Alloy Steel

LIU Chao, CHEN Tianqi, LI Xiaogang(

)

National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute of Advanced Materials & Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

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Abstract

Inclusions are inevitable metallurgical defects in steel that can significantly impact the corrosion resistance of materials by inducing local corrosion initiation. The mechanisms related with the initiation and development of inclusion-induced localized corrosion have been the subject of controversy in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the various mechanisms of inclusion-induced localized corrosion, including electrochemical corrosion, chemical dissolution, and electrochemical-chemical dissolution mechanisms. In addition, controlling the formation and behavior of inclusions is crucial for improving the corrosion resistance of steel, while the chemical composition, size and shape of the inclusions are the key influencing factors for inducing localized corrosion. Finally, the future research directions for the study of inclusions-induced local corrosion mechanism and the regulation of corrosion-resistant steel are discussed.

Key words: inclusion low alloy steel localized corrosion corrosion mechnism corrosion resistance regulation

Received: 08 May 2023 32134.14.1005.4537.2023.147

ZTFLH:

TG172

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104319)

Corresponding Authors: LI Xiaogang, E-mail: lixiaogang99@263.net

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Cite this article:

LIU Chao, CHEN Tianqi, LI Xiaogang. Research Progress on Initiation Mechanism of Local Corrosion Induced by Inclusions in Low Alloy Steel. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(4): 746-754.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2023.147 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2023/V43/I4/746

Fig.1 Linear scan results of LEIS for three metallurgical defects (a) ^[7], A, B and C being Si-rich inclusions, micropores and carbides, respectively, where the resistance at both A and B points is less than the substrate, whereas the resistance at C is greater than the substrate; mechanism diagram of pitting initiation and development induced by Y-S-O inclusions (b)^[12], in which YS is preferentially dissolved as anodic phase and formed a corrosion microcouple with substrate and surface passivation film to induce local pitting initiation

Fig.2 SEM and CAAFM images of Al₂O₃(a), ZrO₂-Ti₂O₃-Al₂O₃ (b) and (Re)₂O₂S-(Re) _x S _y -(Re, Zr, Ti)O _x (c) and their corresponding height/current distribution diagrams, corrosion morphology of ZrO₂-Ti₂O₃-Al₂O₃ and ((RE)₂O₂S-(RE) _x S _y -(RE,Zr,Ti)O _x -(RE)AlO₃ after soaking in simulated Xisha solution with pH=4.9 for 30 min (d), and KAM diagrams of Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂-Ti₂O₃-Al₂O₃ (e). The high KAM indicates that the local plastic deformation of the steel matrix occurs around the inclusion which is difficult to deform, and the mechanical deformation will lead to the redistribution of the surface electrochemical heterogeneity ^[16~19]

Fig.3 Typical corrosion pits formed on Al-Ca-O-S inclusions after 24 h immersion in NS4 solution: (a) optical image, (b) 2D image, (c) three-dimensional profile, (d) height line, where the position of the cross-sectional profile is marked in Fig.3b as a red line ^[22], (e) schematic of dissolution kinetics of sulfide-oxide complex inclusions and the resulting local corrosion process: the original inclusions underwent the galvanic corrosion stage and the corrosion spreading stage, respectively^[23]

Fig.4 Surface potential distribution of MnS (a), surface work function of different crystal faces of MnS (b), the results show that the work function of MnS is smaller than that of Fe matrix, and mechanism diagram of local corrosion induced by MnS (c), MnS is used as an anodic corrosion couple with steel substrate to form steady or metastable pitting pits under the synergistic effect of Cl^-and S, and the corrosion product “S” shell covers the surface of pitting pits to form concentration difference cells, further promote the corrosion process^[29]

Fig.5 Surface morphology (a), cross-sectional morphology (b), EBSD test region (c) and corresponding KAM plots (d) of Al₂O₃^[18]

Fig.6 SEM image and EDS results (a), TEM image and SAD result (b) of TiN inclusions, interface morphology between TiN inclusions and SiO₂ (c), and XPS spectra of TiO₂ 2p3/2 and TiO₂ 2p1/2 peaks of passivation film formed on pure Ti sample (d)^[25]

Fig.7 Composition distribution of active/inactive inclusions in the phase diagram of the Al₂O₃-MgO-CaO system (a)^[45] and MgS (b), MgY₂S₄ (c), Y₂O₃ (d) and YS (e) energy band structure diagram ^[12]

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