Research Progress on Evaluation Criteria and Mechanism of Corrosion Under Cathodic Protection and AC Interference

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2019.053

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2020, Vol. 40

Issue (3): 215-222 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2019.053

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Research Progress on Evaluation Criteria and Mechanism of Corrosion Under Cathodic Protection and AC Interference

LIANG Yi, DU Yanxia(

)

Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Download:

HTML

PDF(2409KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

Corrosion survey on alternative current (AC) interference associated corrosion cases showed that the traditional criteria for cathodic protection (CP) is not applicable in the presence of AC interference. It is known about that in the presence of AC interference, the corrosion rate of buried pipeline even under CP of high quality is not negligible. Therefore, it was urgent to know how to evaluate the corrosion risk for the cathodically protected buried-pipelines in the presence of AC interference and how to choose the applicable CP parameter to protect pipelines. Base on that, the present criteria related with AC corrosion were analyzed and several corrosion theories have been proposed about the mechanism by which AC induces and enhances the corrosion of carbon steel in CP condition. After summarizing the AC corrosion mechanisms, the key problems are indicated and the development trend of this research field is predicted.

Key words: cathodic protection AC interference corrosion criteria AC corrosion mechanism

Received: 30 April 2019

ZTFLH:

TG172

Corresponding Authors: DU Yanxia E-mail: duyanxia@ustb.edu.cn

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	Yi LIANG
	Yanxia DU

Cite this article:

LIANG Yi, DU Yanxia. Research Progress on Evaluation Criteria and Mechanism of Corrosion Under Cathodic Protection and AC Interference. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2020, 40(3): 215-222.

URL:

https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2019.053 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2020/V40/I3/215

Fig.1 Mass balance schematics for OH^- ions produced by CP at a coating defect^[35]

Fig.2 Pourbaix diagram showing unsafe region with respect to AC corrosion^[35]

Fig.3 Correlation between CP current density and spread resistance^[37]

Fig.4 Autocatalytic nature of AC corrosion on cathodically protected pipelines^[30]

Fig.5 Alkalinization level and the potential fluctuation domains at a cathodically protected pipeline/soil interface^[38]

Fig.6 Voltammograms obtained in different pH sodium sulfate solutions: (a) pH=4, (b) pH=7, (c) pH=12, (d) pH=14^[38]

Fig.7 AC corrosion mechanism^[40]

[1]	Gao P, Tan Z, Liu G R, et al. China's oil and gas pipeline construction in 2016 [J]. Int. Petrol. Econom., 2017, 25(3): 26
	(高鹏, 谭喆, 刘广仁等. 2016年中国油气管道建设新进展 [J]. 国际石油经济, 2017, 25(3): 26)
[2]	Zhu Q Z, Wu C, Li Q Y, et al. Development status and trend of global oil and gas pipelines [J]. Oil Gas Storage Transport., 2017, 36: 375
	(祝悫智, 吴超, 李秋扬等. 全球油气管道发展现状及未来趋势 [J]. 油气储运, 2017, 36: 375)
[3]	Nielsen L V, Baumgarten B, Cohn P, et al. A field study of line currents and corrosion rate measurements in a pipeline critically interfered with AC and DC stray currents [A]. The 9^th CEOCOR Annual Conference [C]. Belgium, 2006
[4]	Reyes T, Bhola S M, Olson D L, et al. Study of corrosion of super martensitic stainless steel under alternating current in artificial sea water [A]. The 66^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. Houston, 2011: 2328
[5]	Lilleby L S, Olsen S, Hesjevik S M. Effects from alternating current on cathodic protection of submarine pipelines [A]. The 66^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. Houston, 2011: 11055
[6]	Wakelin R G, Gummow R A, Segall S M. AC corrosion-case histories, test procedures, & mitigation [A]. The 53^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. San Diego, 1998: 00565
[7]	Wakelin R G, Sheldon C. Investigation and mitigation of AC corrosion on a 300 mm diameter natural gas pipeline [A]. The 59^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. New Orleans, 2004: 04205
[8]	Floyd R. Testing and mitigation of AC corrosion on 8 line: A field study [A]. The 59^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. New Orleans, Louisiana, 2004: 04210
[9]	Linhardt P, Ball G. AC corrosion: results from laboratory investigations and from a failure analysis [A]. The 61^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. Houston, 2006
[10]	Junker A, Heinrich C, Nielsen L V, et al. Laboratory and field investigation of the effect of the chemical environment on AC corrosion [A]. The 73^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. Phoenix, 2019: 10844
[11]	Ormellese M, Brenna A, Lazzari L. AC corrosion of cathodically protected buried pipelines: critical interference values and protection criteria [A]. The 70^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. Dallas, Texas, 2015: 05753
[12]	Du Y X, Tang D Z, Lu M X, et al. Researches on the effects of AC interference on CP parameters and AC corrosion risk assessment for cathodic protected carbon steel [A]. The 73^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. New Orleans, 2018: 08962
[13]	Hosokawa Y, Kajiyama F, Nakamura Y. New CP criteria for elimination of the risks of AC corrosion and overprotection on cathodically protected pipelines [A]. The 57^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. Denver, 2002: 02111
[14]	Hosokawa Y, Kajiyama F, Nakamura Y. New cathodic protection criteria based on direct and alternating current densities measured using coupons and their application to modern steel pipelines [J]. Corrosion, 2004, 60: 304 doi: 10.5006/1.3287735
[15]	Büchler M, Schöneich H G, Stalder F. Discussion of criteria to assess the alternating current corrosion risk of cathodically protected pipelines [A]. The 7^th CEOCOR Annual Conference [C]. Slovakia, 2004
[16]	Du C Y, Cao B, Wu Y S. Applicability of -850 mV (CSE) cathodic protection potential criterion under AC interference condition [J]. Corros. Prot., 2009, 30: 655
	(杜晨阳, 曹备, 吴荫顺. 交流电干扰下-850 mV (CSE) 阴极保护电位准则的适用性研究 [J]. 腐蚀与防护, 2009, 30: 655)
[17]	Ormellese M, Lazzari L, Goidanich S, et al. CP criteria assessment in the presence of AC interference [A]. The 63^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. New Orleans, 2008: 08064
[18]	Ormellese M, Lazzari L, Brenna A, et al. Proposal of CP criterion in the presence of AC-interference [A]. The 65^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. San Antonio, 2010: 10032
[19]	Fu A Q, Cheng Y F. Effect of alternating current on corrosion and effectiveness of cathodic protection of pipelines [J]. Can. Metall. Quart., 2012, 51: 81
[20]	Lindemuth D, Crabtree D. AC Corrosion Control: When Too Much Cathodic Protection Might Just be a Bad Thing! [C]. The 73th NACE Annual Conference [C]. New Orleans, 2018: 11271
[21]	CEN/TS 15280-2006 Evaluation of A.C. corrosion likelihood of buried pipelines—Application to cathodically protected pipelines [S]. 2006
[22]	Tang D Z, Du Y X, Lu M X, et al. Study on CP criteria for mild steel in the presence of AC interference [A]. The 69^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. San Antonio, 2014: 03802
[23]	Du Y X, Xie S L, Xiao Y W, et al. Research on the effects of environmental parameters on AC corrosion behavior [A]. The 73^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. Phoenix, 2018: 10676
[24]	CEN/TS 15280-2013 Evaluation of A.C. corrosion likelihood of buried pipelines applicable to cathodically protected pipelines [S]. 2013
[25]	ISO 18086-2015 Corrosion of metals and alloys — Determination of AC corrosion—Protection criteria [S]. 2015
[26]	Kouloumbi N, Batis G, Kioupis N, et al. Study of the effect of AC-interference on the cathodic protection of a gas pipeline [J]. Anti-Corros. Methods Mater., 2002, 49: 335 doi: 10.1108/00035590210440728
[27]	Tang D Z, Du Y X, Lu M X, et al. Effect of AC current on corrosion behavior of cathodically protected Q235 steel [J]. Mater. Corros., 2015, 66: 278
[28]	Qian S, Cheng Y F. Accelerated corrosion of pipeline steel and reduced cathodic protection effectiveness under direct current interference [J]. Constr. Build. Mater., 2017, 148: 675 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.024
[29]	Babaghayou F, Zegnini B, Seghier T. Effect of alternating current interference corrosion on neighbouring pipelines [J]. Electroteh., Electron., Automat., 2017, 65(4): 108
[30]	NACE SP21424-2018 Alternating current corrosion on cathodically protected pipelines: Risk assessment, mitigation, and monitoring [S].
[31]	Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 50698-2011 Standard for AC interference mitigation of buried steel pipelines [S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2012
	(中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. GB/T 50698-2011 埋地钢质管道交流干扰防护技术标准 [S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2012)
[32]	Nielsen L V. Role of alkalization in AC Induced corrosion of pipelines and consequences hereof in relation to CP requirements [A]. The 60^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. Houston, 2005: 05188
[33]	Nielsen L V, Nielsen K V, Baumgarten B, et al. AC induced corrosion in pipelines: Detection, characterization and mitigation [A]. The 59^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. New Orleans, 2004: 04211
[34]	Nielsen L V, Cohn P. AC corrosion in pipelines: Field experiences from a highly corrosive test site using ER corrosivity probes [A]. The 6^th CEOCOR Annual Conference [C]. Slovakia, 2003
[35]	Nielsen L V, Baumgarten B, Cohn P. On-site measurements of AC induced corrosion: effect of AC and DC parameters [A]. The 7^th CEOCOR Annual Conference [C]. Slovakia, 2004
[36]	Nielsen L V, Baumgarten B, Cohn P. Investigating AC and DC stray current corrosion [A]. The 7^th CEOCOR Annual Conference [C]. Slovakia, 2004
[37]	Nielsen L V. Considerations on measurements and measurement techniques under ac interference conditions [A]. The 14^thCEOCOR Annual Conference [C]. Brussels, 2011
[38]	Panossian Z, Filho S E, de Almeida N L, et al. Effect of alternating current by high power lines voltage and electric transmission systems in pipelines corrosion [A]. The 64^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. Atlanta, Georgia, 2009: 09541
[39]	Büchler M, Schöneich H G. Investigation of alternating current corrosion of cathodically protected pipelines: Development of a detection method, mitigation measures, and a model for the mechanism [J]. Corrosion, 2009, 65: 578 doi: 10.5006/1.3319160
[40]	Büchler M. Alternating current corrosion of cathodically protected pipelines: Discussion of the involved processes and their consequences on the critical interference values [J]. Mater. Corros., 2012, 63: 1181
[41]	Büchler M. The ac corrosion rate: A discussion of the influencing factors and the consequences on the durability of cathodically protected pipelines [A]. EUROCORR [C]. Pisa, 2014
[42]	Wang H R, Du C W, Liu Z Y, et al. Effect of alternating current on the cathodic protection and interface structure of X80 steel [J]. Materials, 2017, 10: 851 doi: 10.3390/ma10080851
[43]	Brenna A, Ormellese M, Lazzari L. A proposal of AC corrosion mechanism of carbon steel in cathodic protection condition [A]. The 68^th NACE Annual Conference [C]. Orlando, 2013: 02457
[44]	Brenna A, Ormellese M, Lazzari L. Electromechanical breakdown mechanism of passive film in alternating current-related corrosion of carbon steel under cathodic protection condition [J]. Corrosion, 2016, 72: 1055
[45]	Vetter K J, Strehblow H H S. Origin and form of corrosion pitting holes in the iron and theoretical implications for pitting corrosion [J]. J. Pharma. Sci. Math., 1970, 74: 1024
[46]	Sato N. A theory for breakdown of anodic oxide films on metals [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 1971, 16: 1683 doi: 10.1016/0013-4686(71)85079-X
[47]	Strehblow H H, Marcus P. Mechanisms of pitting corrosion [A]. Corrosion Mechanisms in Theory and Practice [M]. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002: 243
[48]	Zhu M, Du C W. A new understanding on AC corrosion of pipeline steel in alkaline environment [J]. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2017, 26: 221 doi: 10.1007/s11665-016-2416-6

[1]	DAI Mingjie, LIU Jing, HUANG Feng, HU Qian, LI Shuang. Pitting Corrosion Behavior of X100 Pipeline Steel in a Simulated Acidic Soil Solution under Fluctuated Cathodic Protection Potentials Based on Orthogonal Method[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2020, 40(5): 425-431.
[2]	WANG Xinhua, YANG Yong, CHEN Yingchun, WEI Kailing. Effect of Alternating Current on Corrosion Behavior of X100 Pipeline Steel in a Simulated Solution for Soil Medium at Korla District[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2020, 40(3): 259-265.
[3]	ZHAO Shuyan,TONG Xinhong,LIU Fuchun,WENG Jinyu,HAN En-Hou,LI Xiaohui,YANG Lin. Corrosion Resistance of Three Zinc-rich Epoxy Coatings[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2019, 39(6): 563-570.
[4]	Guirong WANG,Yawei SHAO,Yanqiu WANG,Guozhe MENG,Bin LIU. Effect of Applied Cathodic Protection Potential on Cathodic Delamination of Damaged Epoxy Coating[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2019, 39(3): 235-244.
[5]	Ping QIU, Lianjie YANG, Yu SONG, Hongfei YANG. Influence of DMF Modified TiO₂ Film on the Photogenerated Cathodic Protection Behavior[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2018, 38(3): 289-295.
[6]	Jie KOU, Xince ZHANG, Gan CUI, Baoan YANG. Research Progress on Cathodic Protection Potential Distribution of Tank Bottom Plate[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2017, 37(4): 305-314.
[7]	Xiaolin WANG, Maocheng YAN, Yun SHU, Cheng SUN, Wei KE. AC Interference Corrosion of Pipeline Steel Beneath Delaminated Coating with Holiday[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2017, 37(4): 341-346.
[8]	Tingyong WANG,Lanying MA,Xiangchen WANG,Haibing ZHANG,Kai CHEN,Yonggui YAN. Investigation of Cathodic Protection Parameters of Candi-date Materials of Condenser for a Nuclear Power Station and Its Application in Seawater[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2016, 36(6): 624-630.
[9]	Wei LI,Yanxia DU,Zitao JIANG,Minxu LU. Research Progress on AC Interference of Electrified Railway on Buried Pipeline[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2016, 36(5): 381-388.
[10]	Shuang YANG,Nan TANG,Maocheng YAN,Kangwen ZHAO,Cheng SUN,Jin XU,Changkun YU. Effect of Temperature on Corrosion Behavior of X80 Pipeline Steel in Acidic Soil[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2015, 35(3): 227-232.
[11]	XU Hongmei, LIU Wei, CAO Lixin, SU Ge, GAO Rongjie. Preparation of ZnO/TiO₂ Composite Film on 304 Stainless Steel and Its Photo-cathodic Protection Properties[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2014, 34(6): 507-514.
[12]	FAN Fengqin, SONG Jiwen, LI Chengjie, DU Min. Effect of Flow Velocity on Cathodic Protection of DH36 Steel in Seawater[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2014, 34(6): 550-557.
[13]	QIU Jing, DU Min, LU Yuan, ZHANG Ying, GUO Haijun, LI Chengjie. Cathodic Protection of X65 Carbon Steel in a Simulated Oilfield Produced Water[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2014, 34(4): 333-338.
[14]	LIN Yonghua,ZHANG Xuefeng,HAN Li,ZHANG Lanhe. Comparison of Corrosion Protection Measures of Grounding Grids for Electric Power Station[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2013, 33(6): 501-506.
[15]	TANG Dezhi,DU Yanxia,LU Minxu,DONG Liang,JIANG Zitao. Progress in the Mutual Effects Between AC Interference and the Cathodic Protection of Buried Pipelines[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2013, 33(5): 351-356.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed