高原冻土水<strong>-</strong>热<strong>-</strong>力多场耦合环境及其对材料损伤行为影响研究进展

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.366

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (5): 1389-1399 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.366 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.366

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高原冻土水-热-力多场耦合环境及其对材料损伤行为影响研究进展

白玉洁¹, 翟晓亮², 崔中雨¹(

)

^1.中国海洋大学材料科学与工程学院青岛 266404
^2.中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司西安 710075

Research Progress on Hydro-thermo-mechanical Multi-field Coupling Environment of Plateau Permafrost and Its Effect on Material Damage Behavior

BAI Yujie¹, ZHAI Xiaoliang², CUI Zhongyu¹(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
^2.CCCC First Highway Consultants Co. Ltd., Xi'an 710075, China

引用本文:

白玉洁, 翟晓亮, 崔中雨. 高原冻土水-热-力多场耦合环境及其对材料损伤行为影响研究进展[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(5): 1389-1399.
Yujie BAI, Xiaoliang ZHAI, Zhongyu CUI. Research Progress on Hydro-thermo-mechanical Multi-field Coupling Environment of Plateau Permafrost and Its Effect on Material Damage Behavior[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(5): 1389-1399.

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摘要:

高原冻土区水-热-力多场耦合环境复杂，严重威胁基础设施材料的服役安全与耐久性。本文系统梳理了近年来国内外关于高原冻土区水-热-力耦合环境特征及其对材料损伤行为影响的研究进展，重点归纳了温度场、水分场与应力场的耦合作用机制，并总结了冻融循环、未冻水迁移、冻胀应力等因素对金属材料性能退化的影响规律。研究表明，冰-水相变引发的周期性冻胀应力、高浓度电解质环境和低温-力学-电化学效应的协同作用是导致材料腐蚀与断裂损伤的关键因素。在此基础上，本文指出当前研究中存在的不足，提出通过深化多场耦合机理认识、建立加速试验技术及开发具有耐低温抗冻融性能的结构钢等策略，来提升寒区工程设施的长期稳定性。本研究可为高原冻土区用材料开发和性能评价提供新的研究思路和方法，对保障高原寒区基础设施安全运行具有重要意义。

关键词 ：高原冻土, 水-热-力多场耦合, 材料损伤, 环境敏感断裂

Abstract：

The multifield coupling environment of water, temperature, and stress in plateau permafrost regions is highly complex and poses a serious threat to the safe service and durability of infrastructure materials. In this paper, recent research findings domestic and overseas on the characteristics of the water‑temperature‑stress coupled environment in plateau permafrost regions, as well as their impact on material damage behavior were reviewed. It focuses on summarizing the coupling mechanisms among temperature, moisture, and stress fields, and outlines the influence patterns of freeze‑thaw cycles, unfrozen water migration, frost heave stress, and other factors on the performance degradation of metallic materials. Research indicates that the key factors leading to material corrosion and fracture include periodic frost-heave stress induced by the ice‑water phase transition, a high‑concentration electrolyte environment, and the synergistic effects of low temperature, mechanical stress, and electrochemical processes. On this basis, the study identifies the shortcomings in current research and proposes strategies such as deepening the understanding of multi‑field coupling mechanisms, establishing accelerated testing techniques, and developing structural steels with improved low‑temperature resistance and freeze‑thaw durability, thereby enhancing the long‑term stability of engineering facilities in cold regions. This study provides reference for the safe operation of infrastructure in plateau permafrost regions and for the development of new structural steels.

Key words： plateau permafrost hydro-thermal-mechanical multi-field coupling material damage environmentally assisted cracking

收稿日期: 2025-12-04 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.366

ZTFLH:

TG172

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3710300)

通讯作者: 崔中雨，E-mail：cuizhongyu@ouc.edu.cn，研究方向为材料腐蚀与防护

Corresponding author: CUI Zhongyu, E-mail: cuizhongyu@ouc.edu.cn

作者简介: 白玉洁，女，2001年生，硕士生

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图1 高原冻土环境中水-热-力三场耦合相互作用[18]

图2 高温多年冻土地区地温变化曲线[22]

表1 青藏高原主要地区年冻融循环次数统计结果[24]

图3 冻土中水的赋存状态简图[30]

图4 青海海北地区一年中土壤中含水量变化和温度变化[37]

图5 高原冻土路基参数变化[13]

图6 NaCl-H2O体系相图[61]与冰层下电导率变化趋势图[64]

图7 冻融循环条件下Q420钢腐蚀发生发展过程示意图[69]

图8 低温导致的焊接接头疲劳韧脆转变特征[72]腐蚀导致的界面力学特性变化及其对低温裂纹扩展的影响推测[73]

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