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中国腐蚀与防护学报  2026, Vol. 46 Issue (5): 1369-1388     CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.348      DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.348
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自修复材料在防护涂层中的研究进展及展望
黄绘, 李树丽, 邓书端, 李向红()
西南林业大学材料与化学工程学院 西南地区林业生物质资源高效利用国家林业和 草原局重点实验室 昆明 650224
Research Progress and Prospects of Smart Materials for Protective Coatings
HUANG Hui, LI Shuli, DENG Shuduan, LI Xianghong()
Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
引用本文:

黄绘, 李树丽, 邓书端, 李向红. 自修复材料在防护涂层中的研究进展及展望[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(5): 1369-1388.
Hui HUANG, Shuli LI, Shuduan DENG, Xianghong LI. Research Progress and Prospects of Smart Materials for Protective Coatings[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(5): 1369-1388.

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摘要: 

自修复材料是一类特殊的境响应型功能材料，能够通过感知并响应外部刺激实现损伤的自主修复。近年来在材料设计、响应机制和应用拓展方面取得了显著进展。本文系统综述了自修复材料在防护涂层应用的核心材料体系，包括介孔SiO2 (MSN)、层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)、金属有机框架(MOFs)、共价有机框架材料(COFs)等载体，以及有机杂环、氨基酸等功能性缓蚀活性物质。同时，总结了自修复材料在智能涂层中的应用进展，并分析了当前面临的挑战，包括成本高昂、长期稳定性不足、规模化生产困难及潜在环境风险。最后，展望了自修复材料向绿色化、多功能化、AI融合与数字孪生协同管理的发展趋势，为下一代高效、可持续防腐技术的研发提供理论参考与技术路径。
关键词 ： MSN,  LDHs,  MOFs,  COFs,  环境响应,  防腐蚀机理    
Abstract：

Self-healing material, as a special new type of environment-responsive material, has made significant progress in material design, response mechanisms, and application expansion in recent years. In this paper the core material systems of self-healingin the field of protective coatings was introduced, including carriers such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as well as functional corrosion-inhibiting active substances like organic heterocycles and amino acids. Meanwhile, the advancements in the application of self-healing materials for intelligent coatings, protection in extreme environments, and multifunctional integrated systems were summarized, and the current challenges were discussed, including high costs, insufficient long-term stability, difficulties in large-scale production, and potential environmental risks. Furthermore, the development trends for self-healing materials toward greening, multifunctionality, AI integration and collaborative management through digital twin were envisioned, so that to provide reference for the research and development of next-generation efficient and sustainable anti-corrosion technologies.
Key words： MSN    LDHs    MOFs    COFs    environmental response    anti-corrosion mechanism
收稿日期: 2025-11-05      32134.14.1005.4537.2025.348
ZTFLH:  TG174  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52161016);云南省院士专家工作站项目(202305AF150009)
通讯作者: 李向红，E-mail：xianghong-li@163.com，研究方向为缓蚀剂
Corresponding author: LI Xianghong, E-mail: xianghong-li@163.com
作者简介: 黄 绘，女，1995年生，博士生
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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.348      或      https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2026/V46/I5/1369

图1  自修复涂层的基本特性[25]
图2  含有填料或缓蚀剂负载载体的有机涂层降低钢基材腐蚀速率的作用机理[56]
图3  MSN合成路径[70]，MSN的不同微观结构[82]及缓蚀剂被负载于MSN方法[70]
图4  智能涂层的合成[91]
图5  盐雾测试时，空白环氧涂层与4%MSN-PC涂层的表面划痕光学图像[91]
图6  LDHs的结构示意图[92]
图7  3.5%NaCl溶液中不同时间的LEIS图[104]
ZIF-8MIL-53UiO-66

Topological

Structure

SOD topology (sodalite)Flexible diamond-shaped networkFcu topology (fluorite)
Pore structureCage-like pores (~1.16 nm)One-dimensional rhombic channelsInterconnected microporous cages (~0.8 nm and ~1.1 nm)
Loading mechanismMolecular sieving and physical encapsulation within cagesChannel adsorption influenced by framework deformationCage adsorption and bonding with functional groups
Loading CapacityBenzotriazole (BTA): 29%[140]BTA: 14.68 mg·g-1 [141]

8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ):

(14.66-19.45)%[143]

Release characteristics

pH-responsive release: ZIF-8 framework decomposes in acidic environments, enabling intelligent release of the corrosion inhibitorPotential stimulus-responsive release: If the corrosion inhibitor can induce phase transitions, its release may be influenced by environmental factors such as humidityControlled/sustained release: stable frameworks allow slow diffusion-based release of the inhibitor, with functionalisation enabling modulation of the release rate
表1  不同拓扑结构MOF对缓蚀剂负载量的影响
图8  MoS2/ZIF-8[145]，APTES-MWCNT-ZIF67-MoO42-[146]及ZnG@ZIF-8[147]MOF涂层的合成
图9  ZIF-8@Ca-TO-APhen涂层的合成，pH 3至9范围内APhen的释放及防腐、自愈和腐蚀传感机制[148]
图10  BTA/TpPa-1/EP的制备过程[168]，BTA/TpPa-1中BTA在不同pH下的释放[168]，MSNs-CS/TpPa-1的制备过程[169]和MSNs-CS/TpPa-1中BTA在不同pH下的释放[169]

Performance

indicators

MSNLDHsMOFsCOFs

Load capacity

Medium to high (pore volume typically

0.5-1.5 cm3/g)

Moderate (dependent on interlayer spacing, capacity limited by interlayer domains)

Extremely high (specific surface area up to 1000-7000 m2/g,

large pore volume)

Extremely high (specific surface area up to 1000-5000 m2/g)

Response sensitivity

High (mesoporous channels facilitate material diffusion and are easily functionalised to achieve rapid response)

High (sensitive response to corrosive factors such as Cl-)

Medium to high (responsiveness depends on the stability of the metal-ligand bond, offering strong design flexibility)

Moderate (covalent bonds are relatively strong, so response usually requires stronger stimuli)

Stability

High (chemically inert, good thermal stability, high mechanical strength)High (good thermal stability, stable under alkaline conditions, corrosion-resistant)Relatively low (poor stability in water and humid air, low mechanical strength)Extremely high (strong covalent bonds, excellent thermal and chemical stability)

Cost

variance

Low to medium (raw materials are readily available, synthesis process is mature, cost is relatively low)Low (raw materials are inexpensive, synthesis is simple, cost is the lowest)Medium to high (some metal salts and organic ligands are expensive, synthesis may require solvothermal methods)High (synthesis conditions are stringent, usually requiring high temperature and high vacuum, monomers may be costly)

Main repair mechanisms

Container-type repair (loading and releasing corrosion inhibitors)

Ion-exchange repair (actively exchanging corrosive factors and releasing corrosion inhibitors)Container-type/bulk degradation repair (can load corrosion inhibitors, with the framework itself also acting as a corrosion inhibitor)

Container-type / bulk degradation repair

(functions similarly to

MOFs but is

more stable)

Compatibility with coatings

Good (surface is easily functionalised, strong bonding with polymer matrix)Good (layered structure can enhance coating barrier properties, but prone to agglomeration)

Moderate (particles have regular shape, but interfacial bonding may require modification)

Moderate (compatibility with coatings needs to be improved through modification)
表2  四类自修复材料在防护涂层中应用性能对比表
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