<strong>21CrMoV</strong>钢表面激光熔覆<strong>Stellite</strong>合金涂层的组织及高温氧化性能

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.307

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (4): 1269-1278 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.307 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.307

研究报告

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

21CrMoV钢表面激光熔覆Stellite合金涂层的组织及高温氧化性能

周吉¹^,², 帅若辉¹^,², 杨继凯¹^,², 娄丽艳¹^,²(

), 刘伊³, 鲁俊豪⁴, 蔡志海⁵, 王海斗⁵, 李成新³

^1.天津职业技术师范大学汽车模具智能制造技术国家地方联合工程实验室天津 300222
^2.天津职业技术师范大学天津市高性能精准成形制造技术与装备重点实验室天津 300222
^3.西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院西安 710049
^4.安徽马钢表面技术股份有限公司马鞍山 243021
^5.陆军装甲兵学院机械产品再制造国家工程研究中心北京 100072

Microstructure and High-temperature Oxidation Performance of Laser-cladded Stellite Alloy Coating on 21CrMoV Steel

ZHOU Ji¹^,², SHUAI Ruohui¹^,², YANG Jikai¹^,², LOU Liyan¹^,²(

), LIU Yi³, LU Junhao⁴, CAI Zhihai⁵, WANG Haidou⁵, LI Chengxin³

^1.State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Molds, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
^2.Tianjin Key Laboratory of High Performance Precision Molding Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
^3.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
^4.Anhui Ma Steel Surface Technology Company, Ma'anshan 243021, China
^5.National Engineering Research Center for Mechanical Product Remanufacturing, Army Armored Force Academy, Beijing 100072, China

引用本文:

周吉, 帅若辉, 杨继凯, 娄丽艳, 刘伊, 鲁俊豪, 蔡志海, 王海斗, 李成新. 21CrMoV钢表面激光熔覆Stellite合金涂层的组织及高温氧化性能[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(4): 1269-1278.
Ji ZHOU, Ruohui SHUAI, Jikai YANG, Liyan LOU, Yi LIU, Junhao LU, Zhihai CAI, Haidou WANG, Chengxin LI. Microstructure and High-temperature Oxidation Performance of Laser-cladded Stellite Alloy Coating on 21CrMoV Steel[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(4): 1269-1278.

全文: PDF(13913 KB) HTML

摘要:

轧辊作为热轧关键备件，服役过程长期承受高温、交变热应力和剧烈磨损，易发生氧化、磨损、冷热疲劳和塑性变形等失效。本研究针对热轧关键备件服役要求，采用激光熔覆技术成功制备出Stellite合金涂层，并对其微观组织与性能开展研究。采用SEM、EPMA、XRD等分析涂层的微观组织、元素分布、物相结构，研究涂层的显微硬度分布和高温性能，阐明涂层的强化机制和氧化机理。结果表明，Stellite合金涂层厚度约900 μm，与21CrMoV基体结合良好，无明显裂纹、气孔等缺陷，主要由γ-Co及M₂₃C₆、M₇C₃碳化物组成。在固溶强化、弥散强化、晶粒细化协同作用下，涂层平均显微硬度为356.9HV_0.2，约基体的1.6倍。1000 ℃氧化100 h后，Stellite合金涂层质量增重为3.8 mg/cm²，仅为基体增重的12.8%。涂层表面形成表层MnCr₂O₄、中间Cr₂O₃及底部SiO₂为主的连续致密复合氧化膜，有效抑制氧扩散，显著提高基体的高温抗氧化性能。

关键词 ：激光熔覆涂层, Stellite合金, 高温氧化, 微观组织

Abstract：

After long-term service in severe working conditions at high-temperature, the occurrence of damages such as surface pits and extensive spalling etc. caused by oxidation and pressures may significantly reduce the service life of the rolls. Herein, the stellite alloy coating was prepared on 21CrMoV steel, which is commonly adopted for making hot rolling rolls, via laser cladding technique aiming to address the shortcomings of the present hot-rolls. Then the microstructure, elemental distribution, and phase structure of the coating were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction. The microhardness distribution and high-temperature properties of the coating were also studied, correspondingly, the mechanisms related with strengthening and oxidation of the coating were clarified. The results show that the stellite coating is about 900 μm in thickness and is well bonded to the 21CrMoV substrate, without obvious cracks, pores, and other defects. It is mainly composed of γ-Co together with M₂₃C₆, M₇C₃ carbides. Under the synergistic effect of solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening, and grain refinement, the coating presents an average microhardness of 356.9HV_0.2, about 1.6 times that of the substrate. After oxidation at 1000 ℃ for 100 h, a continuous compact composite oxide scale, composed of an outer portion of MnCr₂O₄, a middle part of Cr₂O₃ and an inner part of SiO₂ was formed on the coating surface, which could effectively suppress the inward migration of oxygen and ensure the high-temperature service performance.

Key words： laser cladding coating Stellite alloy high-temperature oxidation microstructure

收稿日期: 2025-09-26 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.307

ZTFLH:

TG174

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52130509);国家自然科学基金(52205242);天津市自然科学基金(22JCYBJC01650);天津市教育委员会基金(2020KJ108)

通讯作者: 娄丽艳，E-mail：louly88@126.com，研究方向为功能涂层制备和表面技术

Corresponding author: LOU Liyan, E-mail: louly88@126.com

作者简介: 周吉，男，2000年生，硕士生

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	王海斗
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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.307 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2026/V46/I4/1269

表1 Stellite合金粉末和21CrMoV钢的化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 Stellite合金粉末的SEM形貌

图2 高温氧化实验流程示意图

图3 Stellite合金涂层横截面形貌及EDS线扫分析

图4 Stellite合金涂层SEM形貌

图5 Stellite合金涂层EPMA面扫描结果

图6 Stellite涂层的XRD图谱

图7 Stellite合金涂层的截面显微硬度分布图

图8 21CrMoV基体和Stellite合金涂层1000 ℃下空气中的氧化增重曲线

图9 21CrMoV基体和Stellite合金涂层1000 ℃下空气中的氧化动力学拟合曲线

图10 Stellite涂层氧化后XRD图谱

图11 Stellite合金涂层在1000 ℃氧化100 h的表面氧化膜形貌

图12 Stellite合金涂层截面氧化膜SEM形貌及对应EDS面扫描

图13 Stellite合金涂层截面氧化膜形貌及EDS线扫描

表2 氧化反应的Gibbs自由能

图14 Stellite合金涂层氧化进程示意图

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